Will golang block?

Golang is a powerful open source programming language that has always been loved by developers. It has many advantages such as efficient garbage collection mechanism, simple and easy-to-use language features, and support for multi-threading and concurrent programming. However, when using Golang for concurrent programming, we often encounter a problem: Will blocking occur?

In this article, we will explore whether Golang will encounter blocking problems in concurrent programming, and explore how to avoid this situation.

First of all, we need to understand what blocking is. In computers, blocking occurs when a process or thread waits for the completion of an event that cannot be completed immediately. Blocking may cause problems such as stuck and deadlock in the program, affecting the correctness and performance of the program.

In Golang, blocking is a situation where a goroutine (lightweight thread) is waiting for an event and cannot continue execution. For example, when a goroutine calls a function, if the function needs to wait for an I/O operation to complete during execution, the goroutine will block and wait for the I/O operation to complete before continuing.

However, in Golang, blocking will not have much impact on the execution of the program, because Golang supports a non-blocking concurrent programming model. In Golang's built-in concurrent programming model, we can use idle goroutine (idle goroutine) to handle blocking instead of using threads to wait for blocked events. In this way, other goroutines can still continue to execute without being affected by blocking events, which improves the execution efficiency of the program.

In addition, Golang also provides some special goroutine types, such as synchronous blocking goroutine (sync goroutine) and asynchronous blocking goroutine (async goroutine). A synchronously blocking goroutine can avoid blocking by waiting for other goroutines to execute, while an asynchronously blocking goroutine can avoid blocking by calling other goroutines asynchronously.

However, although Golang itself supports a non-blocking concurrent programming model, in actual programming, we still need to pay attention to some details to avoid unnecessary blocking events. Some common situations where blocking occurs include:

1. Long-term I/O operations: When a goroutine needs to perform long-term I/O operations, if the timeout is not set correctly or other methods are used to avoid timeouts, , will cause blocking. To avoid this situation, we can use I/O operations with a timeout mechanism, or use non-blocking I/O operations.
2. Recursive call: When a goroutine makes a recursive call, if the recursion depth is too deep, it will cause problems such as stack overflow. Therefore, we need to reasonably design the depth and method of recursive calls to avoid unnecessary blocking.
3. Lock waiting: When multiple goroutines compete for a certain lock, if one goroutine holds the lock for too long, it will cause other goroutines to block. Therefore, we need to reasonably design the lock granularity and competition method to avoid unnecessary lock waiting.

In summary, although Golang itself supports a non-blocking concurrent programming model, in actual programming, we still need to pay attention to some details to avoid unnecessary blocking events. When we use Golang correctly for concurrent programming, we can make full use of Golang's language features and improve the performance and maintainability of the program.

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