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How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

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    1. Install Pyecharts

    pip install pyecharts

    2. Chart basics

    2.1 Theme style

    Add theme style to use It is the InitOpts() method.

    The main parameters of this method are:

    Parameters Description
    width Canvas width, requires string format, such as width="500px"
    height Canvas height, requires string Format, such as width="500px"
    chart_id Chart ID, as the unique identifier of the chart. Used to distinguish different charts when there are multiple charts
    page_title Web page title, string format
    theme Chart theme. Provided by ThemeType module
    bg_color Chart background color, string format

    The styles that can be selected are :

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    2.2 Chart title

    To add a title to the chart, you need to pass the title_opts parameter of the set_global_options() method.

    The value of this parameter is passed The TitleOpts() method of the opts module is generated,

    and the main parameter syntax of the TitleOpts() method is as follows:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    2.3 Legend

    Set the legend You need to pass the legend_opts parameter of the set_global_opts() method.

    The parameter value of this parameter refers to the LegendOpts() method of the options module.

    The main parameters of the LegendOpts() method are as follows:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    2.4 Prompt box

    Setting the prompt box is mainly through the set_global_opts() method The tooltip_opts parameter is set.

    The parameter value of this parameter refers to the TooltipOpts() method of the options module.

    The main parameters of the TooltipOpts() method are as follows:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    2.5 Visual mapping

    Visual mapping passes the visualmap_opts parameter in the set_global_opts() method Make settings.

    For the value of this parameter, refer to the VisualMapOpts() method of the options module.

    The main parameters are as follows:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    ##2.6 Toolbox

    The toolbox is set through the toolbox_opts parameter in the set_global_opts() method,

    The value of this parameter refers to the ToolboxOpts() method of the options module.

    The main parameters are as follows:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    2.7 Regional zoom

    The regional zoom is set through the datazoom_opts parameter in the set_global_opts() method,

    The value of this parameter refers to the DataZoomOpts() method of the options module.

    The main parameters are as follows:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization##3. Histogram Bar module

    The histogram is drawn through the Bar module,

    The main methods of this module are:

    ##Main methodDescriptionx-axis datay-axis dataFlip the x and y axis dataOriginal data
    ##add_xaxis()
    add_yaxis()
    reversal_axis()
    add_dataset()

    下边展示一个简单的示例,先不使用过多复杂的样式:

    import numpy as np
    from pyecharts.charts import Bar
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
    
    # 生成数据
    years = [2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015]
    y1 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
    y2 = [2, 4, 6, 4, 2]
    y3 = [9, 7, 5, 3, 1]
    y4 = list(np.random.randint(1, 10, 10))
    
    bar = Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.LIGHT))
    # 为柱状图添加x轴和y轴数据
    bar.add_xaxis(years)
    bar.add_yaxis('A型', y1)
    bar.add_yaxis('B型', y2)
    bar.add_yaxis('C型', y3)
    bar.add_yaxis('D型', y4)
    # 渲染图表到HTML文件,并保存在当前目录下
    bar.render("bar.html")

    生成图像效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    这里有一个无法解释的细节,就是可以看到y4数据,即D型,在图像中没有显示出来。经过小啾的反复尝试,发现凡是使用随机数产生的数据再转化成列表,这部分随机数不会被写入到html文件中:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    既然不会解释,那就避免。

    4. 折线图/面积图 Line模块

    Line模块的主要方法有add_xaxis() 和 add_yaxis(),分别用来添加x轴数据和y轴数据。

    add_yaxis()的主要参数如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    4.1 折线图

    绘制折线图时,x轴的数据必须是字符串,图线方可正常显示。

    from pyecharts.charts import Line
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
    
    # 准备数据
    x = [2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015]
    x_data = [str(i) for i in x]
    y1 = [1, 3, 2, 5, 8]
    y2 = [2, 6, 5, 6, 7]
    y3 = [5, 7, 4, 3, 1]
    
    line = Line(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.ESSOS))
    line.add_xaxis(xaxis_data=x_data)
    line.add_yaxis(series_name="A类", y_axis=y1)
    line.add_yaxis(series_name="B类", y_axis=y2)
    line.add_yaxis(series_name="C类", y_axis=y3)
    line.render("line.html")

    生成图像效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    4.2 面积图

    绘制面积图时需要在add_yaxis()方法中指定areastyle_opts参数。其值由options模块的AreaStyleOpts()方法提供。

    from pyecharts.charts import Line
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
    
    
    x = [2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015]
    x_data = [str(i) for i in x]
    y1 = [2, 5, 6, 8, 9]
    y2 = [1, 4, 5, 4, 7]
    y3 = [1, 3, 4, 6, 6]
    
    line = Line(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.WONDERLAND))
    
    line.add_xaxis(xaxis_data=x_data)
    line.add_yaxis(series_name="A类", y_axis=y1, areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1))
    line.add_yaxis(series_name="B类", y_axis=y2, areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1))
    line.add_yaxis(series_name="C类", y_axis=y3, areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1))
    
    line.render("line2.html")

    图像效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    5.饼形图

    5.1 饼形图

    绘制饼形图使用的是Pie模块,该模块中需要使用的主要方法是add()方法

    该方法主要参数如下:

    主要参数 描述
    series_name 系列名称。用于提示文本和图例标签。
    data_pair 数据项,格式为形如[(key1,value1),(key2,value2)]
    color 系列标签的颜色。
    radius 饼图的半径。默认设成百分比形式,默认是相对于容器的高和宽中较小的一方的一半
    rosetype 是否展开为南丁格尔玫瑰图,可以取的值有radius货area,radius表示通过扇区圆心角展现数据的大小,即默认的扇形图;area表示所有扇区的圆心角的角度相同,通过半径来展现数据大小
    from pyecharts.charts import Pie
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
    
    x_data = ['AAA', 'BBB', 'CCC', 'DDD', 'EEE', 'FFF']
    y_data = [200, 200, 100, 400, 500, 600]
    # 将数据转换为目标格式
    data = [list(z) for z in zip(x_data, y_data)]
    # 数据排序
    data.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
    
    pie = Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.MACARONS))
    
    pie.add(
            series_name="类别",    # 序列名称
            data_pair=data,     # 数据
        )
    pie.set_global_opts(
            # 饼形图标题
            title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
                title="各类别数量分析",
                pos_left="center"),
            # 不显示图例
            legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(is_show=False),
        )
    pie.set_series_opts(
            # 序列标签
            label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(),
        )
    
    pie.render("pie.html")

    图像效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    5.2 南丁格尔玫瑰图

    from pyecharts.charts import Pie
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
    
    
    x_data = ['AAA', 'BBB', 'CCC', 'DDD', 'EEE', 'FFF', 'GGG', 'HHH', 'III', 'JJJ', 'KKK', 'LLL', 'MMM', 'NNN', 'OOO']
    y_data = [200, 100, 400, 50, 600, 300, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1500]
    # 将数据转换为目标格式
    data = [list(z) for z in zip(x_data, y_data)]
    # 数据排序
    data.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
    
    # 创建饼形图并设置画布大小
    pie = Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.ROMANTIC, width='300px', height='400px'))
    # 为饼形图添加数据
    pie.add(
            series_name="类别",
            data_pair=data,
            radius=["8%", "160%"],  # 内外半径
            center=["65%", "65%"],  # 位置
            rosetype='area',       # 玫瑰图,圆心角相同,按半径大小绘制
            color='auto'           # 颜色自动渐变
        )
    pie.set_global_opts(
            # 不显示图例
            legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(is_show=False),
            # 视觉映射
            visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(is_show=False,
             min_=100,    # 颜色条最小值
             max_=450000, # 颜色条最大值
        )
    )
    pie.set_series_opts(
            # 序列标签
            label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(position='inside',  # 标签位置
                                      rotate=45,
                                      font_size=8)       # 字体大小
        )
    
    pie.render("pie2.html")

    图像效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    6. 箱线图 Boxplot模块

    绘制箱线图使用的是Boxplot类。

    这里有一个细节,准备y轴数据y_data时需要在列表外再套一层列表,否则图线不会被显示。

    绘制箱线图使用的是Boxplot模块,

    主要的方法有

    add_xaxis()和add_yaxis()

    from pyecharts.charts import Boxplot
    from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    
    y_data = [[5, 20, 22, 21, 23, 26, 25, 24, 28, 26, 29, 30, 50, 61]]
    
    boxplot = Boxplot(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.INFOGRAPHIC))
    
    boxplot.add_xaxis([""])
    boxplot.add_yaxis('', y_axis=boxplot.prepare_data(y_data))
    boxplot.render("boxplot.html")

    图像效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    7. 涟漪特效散点图 EffectScatter模块

    绘制涟漪图使用的是EffectScatter模块,代码示例如下:

    from pyecharts.charts import EffectScatter
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
    
    
    x = [2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015]
    x_data = [str(i) for i in x]
    y1 = [1, 3, 2, 5, 8]
    y2 = [2, 6, 5, 6, 7]
    y3 = [5, 7, 4, 3, 1]
    
    scatter = EffectScatter(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.VINTAGE))
    scatter.add_xaxis(x_data)
    scatter.add_yaxis("", y1)
    scatter.add_yaxis("", y2)
    scatter.add_yaxis("", y3)
    # 渲染图表到HTML文件,存放在程序所在目录下
    scatter.render("EffectScatter.html")

    图像效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    8. 词云图 WordCloud模块

    绘制词云图使用的是WordCloud模块,

    主要的方法有add()方法。

    add()方法的主要参数如下:

    add()方法主要的参数有

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    准备一个txt文件(001.txt),文本内容以《兰亭集序》为例:

    永和九年,岁在癸丑,暮春之初,会于会稽山阴之兰亭,修禊事也。群贤毕至,少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭,茂林修竹,又有清流激湍,映带左右,引以为流觞曲水,列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛,一觞一咏,亦足以畅叙幽情。
    是日也,天朗气清,惠风和畅。仰观宇宙之大,俯察品类之盛,所以游目骋怀,足以极视听之娱,信可乐也。
    夫人之相与,俯仰一世。或取诸怀抱,悟言一室之内;或因寄所托,放浪形骸之外。虽趣舍万殊,静躁不同,当其欣于所遇,暂得于己,快然自足,不知老之将至;及其所之既倦,情随事迁,感慨系之矣。向之所欣,俯仰之间,已为陈迹,犹不能不以之兴怀,况修短随化,终期于尽!古人云:“死生亦大矣。”岂不痛哉!
    每览昔人兴感之由,若合一契,未尝不临文嗟悼,不能喻之于怀。固知一死生为虚诞,齐彭殇为妄作。后之视今,亦犹今之视昔,悲夫!故列叙时人,录其所述,虽世殊事异,所以兴怀,其致一也。后之览者,亦将有感于斯文。

    代码示例如下:

    from pyecharts.charts import WordCloud
    from jieba import analyse
    
    # 基于TextRank算法从文本中提取关键词
    textrank = analyse.textrank
    text = open('001.txt', 'r', encoding='UTF-8').read()
    keywords = textrank(text, topK=30)
    list1 = []
    tup1 = ()
    
    # 关键词列表
    for keyword, weight in textrank(text, topK=30, withWeight=True):
        # print('%s %s' % (keyword, weight))
        tup1 = (keyword, weight)  # 关键词权重
        list1.append(tup1)     # 添加到列表中
    
    # 绘制词云图
    mywordcloud = WordCloud()
    mywordcloud.add('', list1, word_size_range=[20, 100])
    mywordcloud.render('wordclound.html')

    词云图效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    9. 热力图 HeatMap模块

    绘制热力图使用的是HeatMap模块。

    下边以双色球案例为例,数据使用生成的随机数,绘制出热力图:

    import pyecharts.options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import HeatMap
    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np
    
    # 创建一个33行7列的DataFrame,数据使用随机数生成。每个数据表示该位置上该数字出现的次数
    s1 = np.random.randint(0, 200, 33)
    s2 = np.random.randint(0, 200, 33)
    s3 = np.random.randint(0, 200, 33)
    s4 = np.random.randint(0, 200, 33)
    s5 = np.random.randint(0, 200, 33)
    s6 = np.random.randint(0, 200, 33)
    s7 = np.random.randint(0, 200, 33)
    data = pd.DataFrame(
        {'位置一': s1,
         '位置二': s2,
         '位置三': s3,
         '位置四': s4,
         '位置五': s5,
         '位置六': s6,
         '位置七': s7
         },
        index=range(1, 34)
    )
    
    # 数据转换为HeatMap支持的列表格式
    value1 = []
    for i in range(7):
        for j in range(33):
            value1.append([i, j, int(data.iloc[j, i])])
    # 绘制热力图
    x = data.columns
    heatmap=HeatMap(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='600px' ,height='650px'))
    heatmap.add_xaxis(x)
    heatmap.add_yaxis("aa", list(data.index), value=value1,  # y轴数据
                      # y轴标签
                      label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True, color='white', position="center"))
    heatmap.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="双色球中奖号码热力图", pos_left="center"),
                            legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(is_show=False),  # 不显示图例
                            # 坐标轴配置项
                            xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
                            type_="category",  # 类目轴
                            # 分隔区域配置项
                            splitarea_opts=opts.SplitAreaOpts(
                                is_show=True,  # 区域填充样式
                                areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1)
                            ),
                            ),
                            # 坐标轴配置项
                            yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
                            type_="category",  # 类目轴
                            # 分隔区域配置项
                            splitarea_opts=opts.SplitAreaOpts(
                                is_show=True,
                                # 区域填充样式
                                areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1)
                                ),
                                ),
    
                            # 视觉映射配置项
                            visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(is_piecewise=True,    # 分段显示
                                                              min_=1, max_=170,     # 最小值、最大值
                                                              orient='horizontal',  # 水平方向
                                                              pos_left="center")    # 居中
                            )
    heatmap.render("heatmap.html")

    热力图效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    10. 水球图 Liquid模块

    绘制水球图使用的是Liquid模块。

    from pyecharts.charts import Liquid
    liquid = Liquid()
    liquid.add('', [0.39])
    liquid.render("liquid.html")

    水球图效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

    11. 日历图 Calendar模块

    绘制日历图使用的是Calendar模块

    主要使用的方法是add()方法

    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np
    from pyecharts import options as opts
    from pyecharts.charts import Calendar
    data = list(np.random.random(30))
    # 求最大值和最小值
    mymax = round(max(data), 2)
    mymin = round(min(data), 2)
    # 生成日期
    index = pd.date_range('20220401', '20220430')
    # 合并列表
    data_list = list(zip(index, data))
    # 生成日历图
    calendar = Calendar()
    calendar.add("",
                 data_list,
                 calendar_opts=opts.CalendarOpts(range_=['2022-04-01', '2022-04-30']))
    calendar.set_global_opts(
            title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="2022年4月某指标情况", pos_left='center'),
            visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
                max_=mymax,
                min_=mymin+0.1,
                orient="horizontal",
                is_piecewise=True,
                pos_top="230px",
                pos_left="70px",
            ),
        )
    calendar.render("calendar.html")

    日历图效果如下:

    How to use Pyecharts for Python data visualization

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