How to implement internationalization in PHP?

With the acceleration of internationalization and globalization, some websites and applications need to support multiple languages ​​to meet the needs of users in different languages. As a popular programming language, PHP itself also provides some language localization functions. In this article, we will explore how to implement internationalization in PHP.

What is internationalization?

Internationalization refers to the process of designing and writing software to adapt to different languages ​​and cultural habits to enhance its globalization. Specifically, it includes translating elements such as text, images, sounds, etc. into different languages ​​and taking into account different local formats such as values, dates, times, and currencies.

Internationalization in PHP

In PHP, we usually use the gettext extension to achieve internationalization. gettext is part of the GNU gettext toolset, which provides a simple mechanism that enables us to use localized strings in our programs and separate these strings from the source code so they can be easily translated into other languages.

Step 1: Install the gettext extension

To start using the gettext extension, we need to install the gettext extension in PHP. The gettext extension is usually installed with PHP, but you can install it manually on Ubuntu using the following command:

sudo apt-get install php-gettext

If you are using a different operating system, please Consult its corresponding documentation for installation assistance.

Step 2: Create a language file

gettext language file is usually called a .po file, which contains the text strings in the source code and their corresponding localization strings. Each po file is specific to a language and can be edited and stored in editor software. For example, we could create an en_US.po file to store strings localized for United States English, or a fr_FR.po file to store strings localized for French French. For each language's string, we will define a property in the po file as follows:

msgid "Hello World"
msgstr "Bonjour le monde"

where msgid is the identifier of the string we want to localize, and msgstr is the localized string we need.

Step 3: Use localized strings in the code

Once we have defined the po file and stored it in the appropriate location, it is time to use the localized strings in the PHP code . We use the gettext() function to obtain the corresponding localized string, for example:

echo gettext("Hello World");

PHP will search for the .po file of the current locale and return Appropriate localization string. If no appropriate translation is found, the original msgid string is output. To specify which locale should be used, use the following statement:

setlocale(LC_ALL, 'en_US.UTF-8');

This code will set the locale to US English, and Set character encoding to UTF-8.

Conclusion

In this article, we introduced how to implement internationalization in PHP, involving three main steps. First, we need to install the gettext extension, which provides the necessary mechanism to implement localized string functionality. Next, we need to create the corresponding .po file and define the appropriate localization strings for use. Finally, we use the gettext() function in the code to obtain the corresponding localized string. By following these steps, we can easily localize our program to support different languages.

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