How to use golang collections

When talking about collections in programming languages, you have to mention Golang. Golang is a strongly typed language with excellent features in concurrent programming, also known as "Go".

In Golang, there are some built-in data types that can be used to store multiple values. These include arrays, slices, dictionaries, structures, etc. These types can have different uses and characteristics in different situations, and we need to choose different types according to specific needs.

1. Array

An array is a fixed-length data structure that contains elements of the same type and is arranged in order. To declare an array in Golang, you need to specify its length, for example:

var a [5]int

The above code defines an array a that stores 5 integer elements. Elements in the array can be accessed through indexes, for example, a[0], a[1] are all elements of the array.

2. Slice

A slice is a sequence similar to an array. The difference is that the length of the slice can be dynamically increased or decreased. A slice can be created through the built-in function make, as follows:

s := make([]string, 3)

This statement creates a slice containing 3 string elements. s.

The capacity of a slice can be obtained through the two functions len and cap. The len function returns the length of the slice and the cap function returns the capacity of the slice.

3. Dictionary

The dictionary is an unordered key-value pair data structure similar to a hash table. In Golang, you can create a dictionary through the make function, for example:

var m map[string]int
m = make(map[string]int)

The above code definition Create a dictionary containing string keys and integer values. You can use key-value pairs to operate on the elements in the dictionary, for example:

m["foo"] = 12
m["bar "] = 27

Through the above code, you can add two key-value pairs to the dictionary.

4. Structure

Structure is a custom data type that can contain multiple fields of the same type or different types. In Golang, use the type keyword to define the structure type, for example:

type Person struct {

Name string
Age int

}

The above code defines a structure containing two names and ages The Person structure type of the field. You can create a structure instance by defining the structure type, for example:

p := Person{Name: "Tom", Age: 30}

The fields in the structure can be passed "." operator to access.

In addition to the above four types, Golang also provides many other data types, such as channels, etc. Collection types are an integral part of Golang programming. Understanding the characteristics and uses of various types is very helpful for writing efficient and readable code.

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