How to plot using Python's turtle library?

turtle library is a very popular function library for drawing images in the Python language. Imagine a little turtle, starting at the origin of a coordinate system of x (horizontal axis) and y (vertical axis), (0,0), It moves in this plane coordinate system according to the control of a set of function instructions, thereby drawing graphics on the path it crawls.

turtle drawing form layout

turtle's drawing form is a canvas space of turtle, and the minimum unit is pixel

##turtle. setup(width, height, startx, starty), setup() sets the size and position of the form. It is not necessary. The last two parameters are optional. If not selected, the turtle space coordinate system is in the middle of the screen by default

Absolute coordinates:

##turtle.goto(x, y), causes the turtle to move along a straight line from the current position to (x, y ) at

Turtle coordinates:

##Absolute angle:

RGB color system

The value range of each RGB color is an integer from 0 to 255 or a decimal from 0 to 1

The default value is a decimal value, which can be switched It is an integer value

turtle.colormode(mode), mode is 1.0, switches to decimal value mode, mode is 255, switches to integer value mode

turtle brush control function

turtle.penup(), alias turtle.pu(), lift the brush and move it without leaving any trace

• turtle.pendown(), alias turtle.pd (), drop the brush, and there will be traces when moving

• ##turtle.pensize(width), alias turtle.width(width), brush width

• turtle.pencolor(color), color is a color string or r, g, b value, brush color, there are three forms

• Color string: turtle.pencolor( "purple")

• Decimal value of RGB: turtle.pencolor(0.63, 0.13, 0.94)

• Tuple value of RGB: turtle .pencolor( (0.63, 0.13, 0.94) )

• ##turtle motion control function

Control the turtle to travel: in a straight line or in a curve, and the brush will always move after setting Valid until reset next time

turtle.goto(x, y), causing the turtle to move in a straight line from the current position to the absolute position of (x, y)

• turtle.forward(d), alias turtle.fd(d), the turtle travels forward distance d, d is the travel distance (can be a negative value)

• turtle.backward(d), alias turtle.bk(d), the turtle runs in the opposite direction a distance d

• turtle.circle(r, extent=None), according to the radius r Draw an arc with an extent angle. r represents the position of the default circle center r distance to the left side of the turtle (negative value represents the right side). extent represents the drawing angle. The default is 360 degrees (full circle)

• turtle direction control function
  Control the direction the turtle faces: absolute angle or turtle angle

turtle.setheading(angle), alias turtle.seth(angle) , change the direction of the turtle's travel, angle is an absolute degree (0~360 degrees, can be negative)

• turtle.left(angle), the turtle turns left, angle represents the turtle angle ( The angle of rotation in the current direction of travel of the turtle)

• turtle.right(angle), the turtle turns to the right, angle represents the angle of the turtle (the angle of rotation in the current direction of travel of the turtle)

• Others:
  turtle.done() is often placed at the end of the program. If it is a file description method, the program will not exit automatically after running and needs to be closed manually. Form exit

turtle common function library

There is a turtle.py file in the lib directory, which is the installation directory of turtle.

turtle library brush state control function

Function

Descriptionpenup() | pu() | up()Lift the brush and pair it with pendown()##pensize() | width()Set the thickness of the brush line to the specified size

Turtle library's brush movement function

##pendown() | pd() | down ()	Put down the brush

##setheading(angle) | seth(angle)Set the current orientation to anglehome()Set the current brush position to the origin, facing eastcircle(step)Draw a circle with specified radius, angle and drawing step stepdot(r, color) Draw a dot with specified radius r and color colorundo()Undo the last step of the brush actionspeed ()Set the drawing speed, the parameter is between 0 and 10

Function	Description
forward() | fd()	Go forward the specified distance in the current direction
backward() | bk() | back()	Back the specified distance in the current opposite direction
right(angle) | rt(angle)	Rotate the angle angle to the right
left(angle) | lt(angle)	Rotate angle angle to the left
goto(x, y) | setpos(x, y) | setposition( x, y)	Move to the absolute coordinates (x, y)
setx()	Move the current x-axis to the specified position
sety()	Move the current y-axis to the specified position

The control brush and font functions of the turtle library

FunctionDescriptioncolor()Set the color of the brushpencolor()Set the color of the brushfillcolor()Set the fill colorbegin_fill()Call this method before filling the graphic##end_fill()filling()clear()reset()screensize()##hideturtle()Hide the turtle shape of the brush showturtle()Show the turtle shape of the brushisvisible()If the turtle is visible , then return Truewrite(str, font = None)Output the string of font font

End of filling the graphic
Returns the filling status, True means filled, False means not filled
Clear the current window, but do not change the current pen position
Clear the current window, and reset the position status to the default value
Set the length and width of the screen

The above is the detailed content of How to plot using Python's turtle library?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!