An in-depth exploration of Golang’s compilation process

Golang (also known as Go language) is a modern programming language with strong concurrent processing capabilities. Its compilation process has different characteristics from other programming languages. In this article, we will take an in-depth look at the Golang compilation process and how to compile Golang programs for different operating systems and architectures.

1. Golang’s compilation process

Unlike many other compiled languages, Golang’s compilation process considers the connection between source code and binary code. Let's take a look at Golang's compilation process. In this process, we will use a simple hello world program to illustrate the Golang compilation process.

(1) Create a hello.go file with the following content:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, world!")
}

(2) Use the following command in the terminal to compile the program:

go build hello.go

(3) A binary file named hello is generated in the build output. The program can be executed by running the following command:

./hello

(4) The output should be:

Hello, world!

So how does the above compilation process work?

First, when we execute the "go build" command, Golang scans our code and looks for all dependencies used to build the binary.

Secondly, Golang uses the gc tool to compile the source code into an intermediate representation. This intermediate representation is called an object file.

Finally, Golang uses the linker ld to convert these object files into executable binary files and output them, such as the hello program above.

2. How to compile Golang programs for different operating systems and architectures

Golang is designed to be cross-platform, which means we can compile Golang programs for different operating systems and architectures Compile the program. In this section, we will learn how to compile Golang programs for Windows, Linux, and OS X.

(1) Windows platform

Before compiling Golang programs on Windows, we need to ensure that the Golang development environment has been installed. Open a command prompt and enter the following command:

go version

If everything is fine, the output should look similar to the following:

go version go1.16.3 windows/amd64

Next, we can compile the program using the same compile command as above:

go build hello.go

The corresponding binary file will be generated, and the file will be executed through the following command:

.\hello.exe

(2) Linux platform

Before compiling the Golang program on Linux, we You need to ensure that the Golang development environment has been installed. Open a terminal and enter the following command:

go version

The output should resemble the following:

go version go1.16.3 linux/amd64

Next, we use the go build command to compile the program:

go build hello.go

The corresponding binary The file will be generated and executed with the following command:

./hello

(3) OS X platform

Before compiling the Golang program on OS X, we need to ensure that Golang development is installed environment. Open a terminal and enter the following command:

go version

The output should resemble the following:

go version go1.16.3 darwin/amd64

Next, we use the go build command to compile the program:

go build hello.go

The corresponding binary The file will be generated and executed with the following command:

./hello

3. Conclusion

In this post, we took a deep dive into the Golang compilation process and how Compile Golang programs for different operating systems and architectures. Through this article, you will learn how to compile Golang programs for different operating systems and architectures, and how to use the go build command to compile Golang programs. In the process of learning Golang, the compilation process is an important topic. I hope this article can be helpful to you.

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