How to convert time in golang

Golang is an emerging programming language that offers excellent performance and flexibility in terms of processing time. During development, we often need to convert times to different formats, such as Unix timestamps, strings, or date and time in a specified time zone. In this article, we will focus on time conversion in Golang.

1. Unix timestamp to time

The time package is used in Golang to perform time operations. A Unix timestamp refers to the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 00:00:00 UTC. We can use the time.Unix function to convert the Unix timestamp to the time.Time type (a structure representing time and date in Golang).

For example, to convert Unix timestamp 1562725815 into a time object, you can do the following:

timestamp := int64(1562725815)
t := time.Unix(timestamp, 0)
fmt.Println(t) // 输出：2019-07-10 02:30:15 +0000 UTC

In the above code, we first define a Unix timestamp and use it as Parameters passed to the time.Unix function. The function returns a time.Time object, and we can use the Println function to print out its value.

2. Time to Unix timestamp

We can use the Unix method of time.Time type to convert time to Unix timestamp. The Unix method returns seconds and nanoseconds, we can optionally ignore nanoseconds.

For example, to convert the time object t to a Unix timestamp, you can perform the following operations:

timestamp := t.Unix()
fmt.Println(timestamp) // 输出：1562725815

In the above code, we call the t.Unix() method to obtain the time object t Unix timestamp.

3. Time to string

To convert time into a string, we can use the Format method of the time.Time type and a string in the specified format. Time format characters in Golang are based on the ANSI C language standard.

For example, to convert the time object t into a string in the format "2006-01-02 15:04:05", you can perform the following operations:

layout := "2006-01-02 15:04:05"
str := t.Format(layout)
fmt.Println(str) // 输出：2019-07-10 02:30:15

In the above code , we first define a format string layout, and then pass it as a parameter to the t.Format method. The method returns a string, which is generated according to the layout format.

4. Convert string to time

We can use the time.Parse function to parse a string into a time object. To use this function we need to provide a format string and the string to parse.

For example, to parse the string "2019-07-10 02:30:15" in the format of "2006-01-02 15:04:05" into a time object, you can perform the following operations:

layout := "2006-01-02 15:04:05"
str := "2019-07-10 02:30:15"
t, err := time.Parse(layout, str)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(t) // 输出：2019-07-10 02:30:15 +0000 UTC

In the above code, we first define a format string layout and a string str to be parsed, and then pass them as parameters to the time.Parse function. The function returns a time.Time object and an error. If parsing fails, we will receive an error.

5. Time Zone Conversion

When doing time conversion, sometimes we need to consider the time zone difference. There is a LoadLocation function in the time package in Golang that can help us handle time zone conversion.

For example, to convert local time to UTC time, you can do the following:

layout := "2006-01-02 15:04:05"
str := "2019-07-10 02:30:15"
local, err := time.ParseInLocation(layout, str, time.Local)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
utc := local.In(time.UTC)
fmt.Println(utc) // 输出：2019-07-10 02:30:15 +0000 UTC

In the above code, we first set the time zone to the local time zone and then use the time.ParseInLocation method Parse a string into a time object. The parsed time is a local object. Then we use the local.In(time.UTC) method to convert the local object to UTC time.

Summary

Golang’s time conversion is very flexible. We can convert time objects to Unix timestamps, strings, or dates and times in a specified time zone, and we can also convert these types of data to time objects. Be sure to be aware of time zone differences when handling times, otherwise you may get inaccurate results. By correctly using Golang's time conversion capabilities, we can more easily build efficient and reliable applications.

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