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8个PHP数组面试题_PHP

May 30, 2016 am 08:46 AM
phparrayInterview questions

网上找的PHP数组题,准备自己做一遍并且记录下来。

1.写函数创建长度为10的数组,数组中的元素为递增的奇数,首项为1.

代码如下:


    function arrsort($first,$length){

        $arr = array();
        for($i=$first;$i

            $arr[] = $i*2-1;
        }
        return $arr;
    }

    $arr1 = arrsort(1,10);
    print_r($arr1);

输出:

代码如下:


Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 3 [2] => 5 [3] => 7 [4] => 9 [5] => 11 [6] => 13 [7] => 15 [8] => 17 [9] => 19 )


2.创建长度为10的数组,数组中的数为递增的等比数,比值为3,首项为1.

代码如下:


     //$num为比值
     function arrsort($first,$length,$num){

          $arr= array();
          for($i=$first;$i    
                //pow($num,$i-2);返回$num的($i-2)次方
                $arr[] = $num*pow($num,$i-2);
          }
          return $arr;
    }           

    $arr1 = arrsort(1,10,3);
    print_r($arr1);

输出:

代码如下:


Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 3 [2] => 9 [3] => 27 [4] => 81 [5] => 243 [6] => 729 [7] => 2187 [8] => 6561 [9] => 19683 )

3.求数组中最大数的下标.

代码如下:


function maxkey($arr){

    $maxval = max($arr);
    foreach($arr as $key=>$val){
   
        if($maxval == $val){
       
            $maxkey = $key;
        }
    }
    return $maxkey;
}

$arr = array(0,-1,-2,5,"b"=>15,3);
echo maxkey($arr);

输出:

代码如下:


b


4.创建一个长度为10的数组,数组中的元素满足斐波拉契数列的规律.

( 斐波那契数列,又称黄金分割数列,指的是这样一个数列:1、1、2、3、5、8、13、21、……在数学上,斐波纳契数列以如下被以递归的方法定义:F0=0,F1=1,Fn=F(n-1)+F(n-2)(n>=2,n∈N*). 特别指出:第0项是0,第1项是第一个1。)

代码如下:


function arrFibo($len){

    $arr[0] = 0;
    $arr[1] = 1;
    for($i=2;$i    
        $arr[$i] = $arr[$i-1]+$arr[$i-2];
    }
    return $arr;
}

echo "

";<br>
print_r(arrFibo(10));<br>
echo "
";

输出:

代码如下:


Array
(
    [0] => 0
    [1] => 1
    [2] => 1
    [3] => 2
    [4] => 3
    [5] => 5
    [6] => 8
    [7] => 13
    [8] => 21
    [9] => 34
)


5.计算数组中最大数和最小数的差.

两种方法:

①max/min

输出:

代码如下:


102

②sort把元素按从小到大排序/rsort吧元素按从大到小排序

代码如下:


function arrsub($arr){

    sort($arr);
    $min = $arr[0];

    rsort($arr);
    $max = $arr[0];

    $sub = $max - $min;

    return $sub;
}

$arr = array(-1,-2,100);

echo arrsub($arr);

输出:

102

6.写一个方法,将一个长度超过10的数组最后5项直接截取,不改变顺序变为前5项,如{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}变为{6,7,8,9,10,1,2,3,4,5}.

思路:先把数组截取相应的长度( array_slice ),再把2段数组拼接( array_merge )

代码如下:


function arrsort($arr){

    $num = count($arr);

    if($num > 10){
   
        //array_slice($arr,起始位置,截取长度,保留索引(默认为false))
        $arr_firstpart = array_slice($arr,0,$num-5,true);
        $arr_lastpart = array_slice($arr,($num-5),5,true);
    }else{
   
        echo "数组不超过10个元素,请重新输入";
        exit();
    }
   
    //拼接
    $arr_new = array_merge($arr_lastpart,$arr_firstpart);

    return $arr_new;
}

$arr = array("a"=>1,2,3,8,9,6,"b"=>5,-1,"c"=>8,0,7);

echo "

";
<p>print_r($arr);</p>
<p>echo "<br>= = = = = 拼接后 = = = = <br><br>";</p>
<p>print_r(arrsort($arr));</p>
<p>echo "</p>
";

输出:

代码如下:


Array
(
    [a] => 1
    [0] => 2
    [1] => 3
    [2] => 8
    [3] => 9
    [4] => 6
    [b] => 5
    [5] => -1
    [c] => 8
    [6] => 0
    [7] => 7
)


= = = = = 拼接后 = = = =

代码如下:


Array
(
    [b] => 5
    [0] => -1
    [c] => 8
    [1] => 0
    [2] => 7
    [a] => 1
    [3] => 2
    [4] => 3
    [5] => 8
    [6] => 9
    [7] => 6
)


当数组不满足长度为10时:

代码如下:


$arr = array("a"=>1,2,3);


输出:

代码如下:


Array
(
    [a] => 1
    [0] => 2
    [1] => 3
)


= = = = = 拼接后 = = = =

数组不超过10个元素,请重新输入

7.将两个数组连接成一个新数组.

方法①使用array_merge()函数

代码如下:


array_merge($arr1,$arr2);


方法②使用array_merge_recursive()函数递归追加数组

( array_merge_recursive() 函数与 array_merge() 函数 一样,将一个或多个数组的元素的合并起来,一个数组中的值附加在前一个数组的后面。并返回作为结果的数组。

但是,与 array_merge() 不同的是,当有重复的键名时,值不会被覆盖,而是将多个相同键名的值递归组成一个数组。)

代码如下:


    $arr = array("a"=>1,"b"=>2,3);
    $arr2 = array("a"=>Dee,3,5);
   
    $arr3 = array_merge($arr,$arr2);
    $arr4 = array_merge_recursive($arr,$arr2);

    echo "

";<br>
    print_r($arr3);
<p>    echo "<br> = = = = = <br><br>";</p>
<p>    print_r($arr4);<br>
    echo "</p>
";

输出:

代码如下:


Array
(
    [a] => Dee
    [b] => 2
    [0] => 3
    [1] => 3
    [2] => 5
)


 = = = = =

代码如下:


Array
(
    [a] => Array
        (
            [0] => 1
            [1] => Dee
        )

    [b] => 2
    [0] => 3
    [1] => 3
    [2] => 5
)

第一个输出的数组中索引为"a"的值1被索引被第二个数组中索引为"a"的值Dee覆盖了。

方法③

代码如下:


function arrsort($arr1,$arr2){

    $arr_new = $arr1;
   
    foreach($arr2 as $key=>$val){   
   
            $arr_new[] = $val;
    }

    return $arr_new;
}

$arr1 = array("a"=>1,"b"=>2,3);
$arr2 = array("a"=>Dee,"c"=>3,5);

echo "

";<br>
print_r(arrsort($arr1,$arr2));<br>
echo "
";

输出:

代码如下:


Array
(
    [a] => 1
    [b] => 2
    [0] => 3
    [1] => Dee
    [2] => 3
    [3] => 5
)


如果是索引数组而且有重复的索引,则第二个数组中的这个重复的索引会被修改成新的索引。

8.数组逆序( 不能使用rsort函数,不能生成新数组 )

使用array_reverse()函数会创建新的数组,所以不能使用。

代码如下:


$arr = array("a","b","c",1,10);
$i = "";//要替换位置的数的下标
$j = "";//临时变量
$k = "";//被替换位置的数的下标

$len = count($arr);
$half_len = floor($len/2);//向下取整,取整的值是循环的次数

for($i=0;$i

    $j = $arr[$i];
   
    //判断数组个数奇偶
    if($len%2!=0){ //奇数
   
        $k = $half_len*2-$i;
    }else{
       
        //偶数
        $k = $half_len*2-$i-1;
    }

    $arr[$i] = $arr[$k];
    $arr[$k] = $j;
}

echo "

";<br>
print_r($arr);<br>
echo "
";

输出:

代码如下:


Array
(
    [0] => 10
    [1] => 1
    [2] => c
    [3] => b
    [4] => a
)

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