How to test with Golang

Golang is a new programming language. Its syntax is simple and clear, and it supports high-concurrency programming. Therefore, it is very popular in back-end service development. In the development process of Golang, testing is an indispensable part. This article will introduce how to use Golang for testing.

1. Unit testing

In Golang, unit testing is an essential testing method, which can ensure the correctness of the code. Golang supports unit testing using the built-in testing package, which provides some commonly used testing functions, such as testing.T and testing.B. Among them, testing.T represents an object called by the unit testing framework, and testing.B represents an object called by the benchmark testing framework.

The following is a simple example:

package main

import "testing"

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    if add(1, 2) != 3 {
        t.Errorf("add(1, 2) should return 3")
    }
}

func add(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

In this example, we use the testing.T object to call the test function TestAdd. In the TestAdd function, we call the add function and check if it returns 3. If the result is not 3, we will use t.Errorf to mark the test as failed.

This example can also use Golang's table-driven testing to write test code more efficiently:

package main

import "testing"

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        a, b int
        want int
    }{
        {1, 2, 3},
        {0, 0, 0},
        {2, -2, 0},
    }
    for _, tt := range tests {
        got := add(tt.a, tt.b)
        if got != tt.want {
            t.Errorf("add(%d, %d) = %d, want %d", tt.a, tt.b, got, tt.want)
        }
    }
}

func add(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

2. Benchmark testing

In Golang, benchmark testing is a A way to test algorithm performance. It can check the driver execution efficiency of different algorithms based on the comparison of execution times of different data set sizes.

Golang’s benchmark tests are called using the testing.B object:

package main

import "testing"

func benchmarkAdd(i int, b *testing.B) {
    a := i
    for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
        add(a, a)
    }
}

func BenchmarkAdd1(b *testing.B) { benchmarkAdd(1, b) }
func BenchmarkAdd2(b *testing.B) { benchmarkAdd(2, b) }
func BenchmarkAdd3(b *testing.B) { benchmarkAdd(3, b) }

In the above example, we wrote a test file containing three benchmark tests. Each benchmark calls the benchmarkAdd function. In the function, we use a for loop to repeatedly execute the add function, and b.N represents the number of test loops. By adjusting the size of the input data set, we can compare the performance of different algorithms under different data set conditions.

Summary:

In Golang development, testing is a very important part. This article explains how to use the testing package for unit testing and benchmarking. By applying these testing methods, Golang developers can ensure the correctness and performance of their code.

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