声明类成员或方法为static,就可以不实例化类而直接访问。不能通过一个对象来访问其中的静态成员(静态方法除外)。
为了兼容PHP4,如果没有指定“可见性”,属性和方法默认为public。
由于静态方法不需要通过对象即可调用,所以伪变量$this在静态方法中不可用。
静态属性不可以由对象通过->操作符来访问。
用::方式调用一个非静态方法会导致一个E_STRICT级别的错误。
就像其它所有的PHP静态变量一样,静态属性只能被初始化为一个字符值或一个常量,不能使用表达式。 所以你可以把静态属性初始化为整型或数组,但不能指向另一个变量或函数返回值,也不能指向一个对象。
PHP5.3.0之后,我们可以用一个变量来动态调用类。但该变量的值不能为关键字self, parent 或static。
Example #1 静态成员代码示例
<?php class Foo { public static $my_static = 'foo'; public function staticValue() { return self::$my_static; } } class Bar extends Foo { public function fooStatic() { return parent::$my_static; } } print Foo::$my_static . " "; $foo = new Foo(); print $foo->staticValue() . " "; print $foo->my_static . " "; // Undefined "Property" my_static print $foo::$my_static . " "; $classname = 'Foo'; print $classname::$my_static . " "; // PHP 5.3.0之后可以动态调用 print Bar::$my_static . " "; $bar = new Bar(); print $bar->fooStatic() . " "; ?>
Example #2 静态方法代码示例
<?php class Foo { public static function aStaticMethod() { // ... } } Foo::aStaticMethod(); $classname = 'Foo'; $classname::aStaticMethod(); // As of PHP 5.3.0 ?>
关于static 中静态变量和静态方法的总结
静态变量
静态变量是只存在于函数作用域的变量,不过,在函数执行完成后,这种变量的值不会丢失,也就是说,在下一次调用这个函数时,变量仍然会记得原来的值。要将某个变量定义为静态的,只需要在变量前加上 static 关键字即可。
在类中,static关键字有两种主要用法,一是用来定义静态成员,一是用来定义静态方法。在类的内部,可以使用作用域限定符 (::) 来访问不同层次作用域的变量。
静态方法
静态方法和非静态方法之间有一个重要的区别:在调用静态方法时,不再需要拥有类的实例。
静态方法和非静态方法使用原则:一是如果某个方法中不包含$this变量,就应该时静态方法;如果不需要类的实例,可能还应该使用静态类,这样可以免去实例化类的工作。另,在静态方法中时不能使用$this变量的,因为静态方法不属于某个特定的实例。

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PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

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