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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial开启PHP Static 关键字之旅模式_PHP

声明类成员或方法为static,就可以不实例化类而直接访问。不能通过一个对象来访问其中的静态成员(静态方法除外)。

为了兼容PHP4,如果没有指定“可见性”,属性和方法默认为public。

由于静态方法不需要通过对象即可调用,所以伪变量$this在静态方法中不可用。

静态属性不可以由对象通过->操作符来访问。

用::方式调用一个非静态方法会导致一个E_STRICT级别的错误。

就像其它所有的PHP静态变量一样,静态属性只能被初始化为一个字符值或一个常量,不能使用表达式。 所以你可以把静态属性初始化为整型或数组,但不能指向另一个变量或函数返回值,也不能指向一个对象。

PHP5.3.0之后,我们可以用一个变量来动态调用类。但该变量的值不能为关键字self, parent 或static。

Example #1 静态成员代码示例

<&#63;php
class Foo
{
  public static $my_static = 'foo';
  public function staticValue() {
    return self::$my_static;
  }
}
class Bar extends Foo
{
  public function fooStatic() {
    return parent::$my_static;
  }
}
print Foo::$my_static . " ";
$foo = new Foo();
print $foo->staticValue() . " ";
print $foo->my_static . " ";   // Undefined "Property" my_static 
print $foo::$my_static . " ";
$classname = 'Foo';
print $classname::$my_static . " "; // PHP 5.3.0之后可以动态调用
print Bar::$my_static . " ";
$bar = new Bar();
print $bar->fooStatic() . " ";
&#63;>

Example #2 静态方法代码示例

<&#63;php
class Foo {
  public static function aStaticMethod() {
    // ...
  }
}
Foo::aStaticMethod();
$classname = 'Foo';
$classname::aStaticMethod(); // As of PHP 5.3.0
&#63;>

关于static 中静态变量和静态方法的总结

静态变量

静态变量是只存在于函数作用域的变量,不过,在函数执行完成后,这种变量的值不会丢失,也就是说,在下一次调用这个函数时,变量仍然会记得原来的值。要将某个变量定义为静态的,只需要在变量前加上 static 关键字即可。

在类中,static关键字有两种主要用法,一是用来定义静态成员,一是用来定义静态方法。在类的内部,可以使用作用域限定符 (::) 来访问不同层次作用域的变量。

静态方法

静态方法和非静态方法之间有一个重要的区别:在调用静态方法时,不再需要拥有类的实例。

静态方法和非静态方法使用原则:一是如果某个方法中不包含$this变量,就应该时静态方法;如果不需要类的实例,可能还应该使用静态类,这样可以免去实例化类的工作。另,在静态方法中时不能使用$this变量的,因为静态方法不属于某个特定的实例。

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