How to properly set up cross-domain in Laravel

Laravel is a popular PHP web application framework that provides many powerful features, including routing, middleware, ORM, and more. However, when we build web applications with Laravel, it is very common to encounter cross-domain issues. Cross-domain is usually caused by the browser's same-origin policy, which restricts access to resources from different domain names. Therefore, when we make a request to a different domain, we need to set up cross-domain.

Below we will introduce how to correctly set up cross-domain in Laravel.

1. Install the "Barryvdh-cors" middleware

The third-party software package "Barryvdh-cors" related to Laravel can help developers solve cross-domain problems. Developed by a Dutchman named "Barry vd. Heuvel", this middleware allows Laravel to perform CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) configuration on the server side.

To use this middleware, we need to install it first. Run the following command:

composer require barryvdh/laravel-cors

After installing the middleware, we need to register it with the application. Open the config/app.php file and add the following code in the providers array:

'providers' => [
    // ...
    Barryvdh\Cors\ServiceProvider::class,
];

Then add the following code in the aliases array:

'aliases' => [
    // ...
    'Cors' => Barryvdh\Cors\Facade::class,
];

2. Configure middleware

After registering the middleware, we need to configure it in the application. Open the config/cors.php file, it can be automatically generated, if not please create the file manually.

In the file, you can configure domain names that allow cross-domain access and HTTP request methods that allow sharing through AJAX. Here is an example configuration:

return [
    'supports_credentials' => false,
    'allowed_origins' => ['*'],
    'allowed_headers' => ['Content-Type', 'Authorization'],
    'allowed_methods' => ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE', 'OPTIONS'],
    'exposed_headers' => [],
    'max_age' => 0,
];

In this example, we will allow cross-domain access from all origins, but only specific request methods and request headers. If you need to customize more options, please check out [this document](https://github.com/barryvdh/laravel-cors).

3. Using middleware in routes or controllers

When we have installed and configured the "Barryvdh-cors" middleware, we can use it in routes or controllers.

Used in routing:

Route::get('/data', function () {
    return ['message' => 'Hello World'];
})->middleware('cors'); // Use cors middleware

Used in controller:

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Barryvdh\Cors\HandleCors;

class ExampleController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Use Cors middleware to handle the request
    */
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $middleware = new HandleCors();
        $response = $middleware->handle($request, function($request) {
            return ['message' => 'Hello World'];
        });
        return $response;
    }
}

4. Conclusion

Through the "Barryvdh-cors" middleware, we Cross-domain issues in Laravel applications can be easily resolved. This middleware not only supports routing and controllers, but also supports global configuration and group configuration, etc., so that we can more freely and accurately control cross-domain policies.

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