一、意图
允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为。对象看起来似乎修改了它的类
状态模式变化的位置在于对象的状态
二、状态模式结构图
三、状态模式中主要角色
抽象状态(State)角色:定义一个接口,用以封装环境对象的一个特定的状态所对应的行为
具体状态(ConcreteState)角色:每一个具体状态类都实现了环境(Context)的一个状态所对应的行为
环境(Context)角色:定义客户端所感兴趣的接口,并且保留一个具体状态类的实例。这个具体状态类的实例给出此环境对象的现有状态
四、状态模式的优点和缺点
1、它将与特定状态相关的行为局部化
2、它使得状态转换显示化
3、State对象可被共享
五、状态模式适用场景
1、一个对象的行为取决于它的状态,并且它必须在运行时刻根据状态改变它的行为
2、一个操作中含有庞大的多分支的条件语句,且这些分支依赖于该对象的状态。这个状态通常用一个或多个枚举常量表示。通常,有多个操作包含这一相同的条件结构。State模式模式将每一个条件分支放入一个独立的类中。这使得你可以要所对象自身的情况将对象的状态作为一个对象,这一对象可以不依赖于其他对象而独立变化
六、状态模式与其它模式
单例模式(singleton模式):具体状态对象通常是单例模式
享元模式(flyweight模式):享元模式解释了何时以及怎样共享状态对象
七、状态模式PHP示例
<?php /** * 抽象状态角色 */ interface State { /** * 方法示例 */ public function handle(Context $context); } /** * 具体状态角色A * 单例类 */ class ConcreteStateA implements State { /* 唯一的实例 */ private static $_instance = null; private function __construct() { } /** * 静态工厂方法,返还此类的唯一实例 */ public static function getInstance() { if (is_null(self::$_instance)) { self::$_instance = new ConcreteStateA(); } return self::$_instance; } public function handle(Context $context) { echo 'Concrete Sate A handle method<br />'; $context->setState(ConcreteStateB::getInstance()); } } /** * 具体状态角色B * 单例类 */ class ConcreteStateB implements State { /* 唯一的实例 */ private static $_instance = null; private function __construct() { } /** * 静态工厂方法,返还此类的唯一实例 */ public static function getInstance() { if (is_null(self::$_instance)) { self::$_instance = new ConcreteStateB(); } return self::$_instance; } public function handle(Context $context) { echo 'Concrete Sate B handle method<br />'; $context->setState(ConcreteStateA::getInstance()); } } /** * 环境角色 */ class Context { private $_state; /** * 默认为StateA */ public function __construct() { $this->_state = ConcreteStateA::getInstance(); } public function setState(State $state) { $this->_state = $state; } public function request() { $this->_state->handle($this); } } /** * 客户端 */ class Client { /** * Main program. */ public static function main() { $context = new Context(); $context->request(); $context->request(); $context->request(); $context->request(); } } Client::main(); ?>
以上就是使用php实现状态模式的代码,还有一些关于状态模式的概念区分,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP makes it easy to create interactive web content. 1) Dynamically generate content by embedding HTML and display it in real time based on user input or database data. 2) Process form submission and generate dynamic output to ensure that htmlspecialchars is used to prevent XSS. 3) Use MySQL to create a user registration system, and use password_hash and preprocessing statements to enhance security. Mastering these techniques will improve the efficiency of web development.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.


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