How to delete commit on github

As programmers become more and more proficient in using Github, they may encounter various problems. Among them, deleting a commit is one of the common problems. Before writing this article, we need to know some Git basics to better understand the process of deleting commits.

Git is a distributed version control system (DVCS). It allows multiple people to work on the same project. Everyone can make changes to the code and push changes to the shared repository. When everyone wants to merge their changes into a shared code base, an important component of Git - branch (branch) comes in handy. Each branch is an independent record, and changes can be added through the commit command. The commit command saves the changes to Git's local database and assigns a SHA-1 hash as an identifier.

Deleting a commit in Git is not a common operation, because each commit is an independent record in the Git database. Each change is an immutable "snapshot", not a difference of changes. Therefore, removing a commit may destroy other people's commit history, making the shared library unusable or impossible to merge. So if you want to remove a commit, focus on how to undo the commit without breaking the code base.

First of all, if you just want to undo all local changes and overwrite the content on the current branch (branch), you can use the following command:

git reset --hard HEAD

This command will change the HEAD pointer (that is, the current branch the latest commit) points to the specified commit, and rolls back the working tree and staging area to that commit. It will also clear all uncommitted changes. However, please note that this will delete all local changes and overwrite any changes. If you still want to keep some changes, you should save as first and use this command to go back to the previous commit (like 'git reset --hard HEAD~2').

Secondly, if you just want to undo the commit but still keep all local changes, you can use the following command:

git reset HEAD~

This command will point the HEAD pointer to it's parent node, but do not change the work working tree. Undoing commits will remain outside the working tree and staging area. You can continue editing the file and submit the changes as a new commit.

Finally, if you have pushed changes to a shared library and wish to delete the commit, use the following command:

git revert <commit></commit>

This command will undo the specified commit and create a new one, This commit undoes the specified commit. You can specify multiple commits and then merge undo commits to achieve a better combination.

There are a few key points to keep in mind when deleting commits in Git. First, think carefully before adding changes to your local repository or shared library. Commits are immutable, and removing commits can cause even greater chaos. Second, be careful with Git commands, especially on shared code bases. Misuse of these commands can result in conflicts that cannot be merged, or even lost data that cannot be recovered. Finally, it is recommended to back up your data before making any changes to prevent the unwelcome effects of your changes.

Deleting a commit can be one of the trickiest operations in Git. However, if you understand a few basics and approach it with caution, you should be able to complete the task successfully without destroying other people's commit history.

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