How to write microservices in golang

In modern software development, microservice architecture has become an increasingly popular development model. As a lightweight and modular architectural pattern, microservices allow developers to split applications into independent components, making development and maintenance more convenient.

Golang is a programming language that is very suitable for building microservice architecture. Because of its lightweight language structure, efficient concurrency model and powerful tool chain, Golang has become one of the preferred languages ​​for microservice architecture.

In this article, we will take a deep dive into how to write microservices using Golang.

What are microservices?

Microservices is a service-oriented architectural style in which an application is composed of multiple small services. These services collaborate with each other and can be built, tested, and deployed independently. Each service has its own code base and separate database.

This architectural pattern allows applications to be quickly expanded and modified, and the dependencies between various components can be effectively decoupled.

How does Golang support microservices?

Golang’s language structure is particularly suitable for building microservices. It adopts a lightweight language structure so that each service can be easily packaged, deployed, tracked and monitored.

Golang also has a very powerful concurrency model, which means it can easily handle highly concurrent service requests. At the same time, its garbage collection mechanism can greatly simplify the work of developers.

In addition, Golang has a rich standard library and a powerful open source ecosystem, which can help developers build microservices more easily.

Basic steps for building microservices

Below we will introduce the basic steps on how to use Golang to build a microservice application.

The first step: Determine the service interface

The first step in building a microservice is to define the service interface. We can use a REST HTTP style API or use gRPC. Here we will use RESTful API.

Creating a service requires knowing what requests are required, including HTTP method, URI, request parameters, request body and response. A common way to define a service interface is to define a structure, which uses markup to describe the service interface and its parameters.

The following is a sample code that uses tags to define the service interface:

// 使用Golang类型定义HTTP请求及其参数

type AddRequest struct {
   A int `json:"a,required"`
   B int `json:"b,required"`
}

type AddResponse struct {
   Sum int `json:"sum"`
}

// 定义HTTP处理程序

func AddHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
   decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
   defer r.Body.Close()
   var req AddRequest
   if err := decoder.Decode(&req); err != nil {
      http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
      return
   }
   sum := req.A + req.B
   res := AddResponse{Sum: sum}
   json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(res)
}

Step 2: Write the service code

After determining the service interface, the next step is to write the service code . A best practice when building service code is to separate the code into a logic layer and a data access layer. The logic layer is responsible for processing HTTP requests and calling the appropriate data access layer code, while the data access layer is responsible for writing the code to query the database.

The following is an example of using Golang to write microservice code:

package main

import (
   "log"
   "net/http"
)

func main() {
   http.HandleFunc("/add", AddHandler)
   log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

The above code is processed by calling the http.HandleFunc() function/addPath request, and then set the listener to the return value of the http.ListenAndServe method on port 8080.

Step 3: Build and deploy the service

Building and deploying microservices requires the use of Docker. Docker is an open source platform that packages applications as containers and provides a container runtime environment. This makes packaging and deploying microservices easier.

The following is a sample Dockerfile that uses Docker to package microservices:

FROM golang:1.15

# 拷贝服务代码，构建并输出二进制文件

WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN go build -o /bin/my-service

# 声明服务端口

EXPOSE 8080

# 运行服务

CMD ["/bin/my-service"]

Summary

In this article, we learned how to use Golang to build a microservice architecture and learned How to design service interfaces, write service code, and use Docker to package and deploy services. Microservice architecture is an industry-recognized software development model, and it is very convenient to write microservices using Golang. If you want to learn more about microservices or Golang, you can refer to the relevant official documentation.

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