Home >Database >Mysql Tutorial >MySQL的集群配置的基本命令使用及一次操作过程实录_MySQL

MySQL的集群配置的基本命令使用及一次操作过程实录_MySQL

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-05-27 13:45:451117browse

1. 先了解一下你是否应该用MySQL集群。

减少数据中心结点压力和大数据量处理,采用把MySQL分布,一个或多个application对应一个MySQL数据库。把几个MySQL数据库公用的数据做出共享数据,例如购物车,用户对象等等,存在数据结点里面。其他不共享的数据还维持在各自分布的MySQL数据库本身中。

2015113094520716.png (583×372)

2. 集群MySQL中名称概念.(如上图)

1)Sql结点(SQL node--上图对应为MySQLd):分布式数据库。包括自身数据和查询中心结点数据.

2)数据结点(Data node -- ndbd):集群共享数据(内存中).

3)管理服务器(Management Server – ndb_mgmd):集群管理SQL node,Data node.

3.配置

MySQL-max版本,当然现在MySQL集群系统windonws平台上面不被支持.

安装MySQL就不多说了,网上一大堆,简明扼要。

  • A:192.168.1.251 – Data node和Management Server.
  • B:192.168.1.254 – SQL node.

当然,你也可以让一个机器同时为3者。

A,B my.inf加上:

[MySQLD]             
ndbcluster           # run NDB engine 
ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.251 # location of MGM node 
  
# Options for ndbd process: 
[MySQL_CLUSTER]         
ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.251 # location of MGM node 
  
A: /var/lib/MySQL-cluster/config.ini 
[NDBD DEFAULT]   
NoOfReplicas=1  # Number of replicas 
DataMemory=80M  # How much memory to allocate for data storage 
IndexMemory=18M # How much memory to allocate for index storage 
         # For DataMemory and IndexMemory, we have used the 
         # default values. Since the "world" database takes up 
         # only about 500KB, this should be more than enough for 
         # this example Cluster setup. 
# TCP/IP options: 
[TCP DEFAULT]   
portnumber=2202 # This the default; however, you can use any 
         # port that is free for all the hosts in cluster 
         # Note: It is recommended beginning with MySQL 5.0 that 
         # you do not specify the portnumber at all and simply allow 
         # the default value to be used instead 
# Management process options: 
[NDB_MGMD]            
hostname=192.168.1.251     # Hostname or IP address of MGM node 
datadir=/var/lib/MySQL-cluster # Directory for MGM node logfiles 
# Options for data node "A": 
[NDBD]              
# (one [NDBD] section per data node) 
hostname=192.168.1.251     # Hostname or IP address 
datadir=/usr/local/MySQL/data # Directory for this data node's datafiles 
# SQL node options: 
[MySQLD] 
hostname=192.168.1.254 
#[MySQLD] #这个相当于192.168.1.251 

 
4. 启动测试

在管理服务器上面(这里是192.168.1.251):

shell>ndb_mgmd -f /var/lib/MySQL-cluster/config.ini 

在数据结点服务器上面(依然是192.168.1.251and more):

shell>ndbd--initial 

 (第一次时加--initial参数)
SQL结点服务器上面(192.168.1.254):

shell>MySQLd & 

在251上面察看

./ndb_mgm 

 

-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client -- 
ndb_mgm> show 
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.251:1186 
Cluster Configuration 
--------------------- 
[ndbd(NDB)]  1 node(s) 
id=2  @192.168.1.251 (Version:5.0.22, Nodegroup: 0, Master) 
  
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s) 
id=1  @192.168.1.251 (Version:5.0.22) 
  
[MySQLd(API)] 1 node(s) 
id=3  @192.168.1.254 (Version:5.0.22) 
ok

关闭集群:

shell>ndb_mgm -e shutdown 

5.基本的集群说明

1)在MySQL集群中.当table引擎为NDBCLUSTER时才做集群,其他非NDBCLUSTER表和一般MySQL数据库表一样,不会共享数据. NDBCLUSTER表数据存储在Data node服务器内存中,Data Node可以为1台或多台服务器,它们之间存放共享数据。Data Node服务器可以分组数据copy。

例如:2,3,4,5为四台Data Node服务器ID. 2,3为组0。 4,5为组1。 2,3维持数据相同,4,5维持数据相同。 组0和组1维持数据不同。

2)sql node服务器中,非NDBCLUSTER数据存在本身数据库中,table引擎为NDBCLUSTER时,数据存储在Data Node中。当查询NDBCLUSTER表时,它会从Data node集群中提起数据.

3)Manager server

管理SQl node和Data node状态。

附:MySQL集群配置详细过程录制
1、准备三台linux服务器(三台机器进行如下配置)
--hostname配置
192.168.9.241    sqltest01   (mysqld及存储节点)
192.168.9.242    sqltest02   (mysqld及存储节点)
192.168.9.243    sqltest03
其中,sqltest01、sqltest02分别是mysql节点及存储节点,sqltest03为管理节点
--同时,把防火墙进行关闭或者把相关的端口打开,如3306,管理节点的1186等

[root@sqltest01 u01]# service iptables status

iptables: Firewall is not running.

如果开启的,请使用service iptables stop
--创建相应的用户及目录

[root@sqltest01 u01]# groupadd mysql
[root@sqltest01 u01]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@sqltest01 u01]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
[root@sqltest01 u01]# chown -R mysql.mysql

2、mysql cluster
下载网址:dev.mysql.com,然后选择cluster,然后在网页中出现的选择平台中,选择linux generic!在这里选择所需要tar包,我这里用的是mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
下载完成后,使用ftp传送到服务器上面,然后分别在三台机器上解压

[root@sqltest01 u01]# tar -zxvf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/mysql-test/include/have_plugin_auth.inc
mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/mysql-test/include/kill_query.inc
mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/mysql-test/include/unsafe_binlog.inc
mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/mysql-test/include/have_multi_ndb.inc
mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/mysql-test/include/ipv6_clients.inc
mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/mysql-test/include/setup_fake_relay_log.inc
mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/mysql-test/include/wait_for_slave_sql_error_and_skip.inc
......................................................................................................

解压后,里面包括了数据库文件以及集群软件
3、配置管理节点(sqltest03)
--将刚才解压的软件拷贝到指定位置/usr/local/mysql

[root@sqltest03 mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64]# pwd
/u01/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
[root@sqltest03 mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64]# mv * /usr/local/mysql/

--创建集群目录

[root@sqltest03 u01]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@sqltest03 mysql]# mkdir mysql-cluster
[root@sqltest03 mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@sqltest03 mysql]# cp bin/ndb_mgm* /usr/local/bin/
[root@sqltest03 mysql]# cd /var/lib
[root@sqltest03 mysql]# mkdir mysql-cluster
[root@sqltest03 mysql]# cd mysql-cluster
[root@sqltest03 mysql]# vi config.ini

配置内容如下:

[root@sqltest03 mysql-cluster]# cat config.ini 
[ndbd default]
NoOfReplicas=1
DataMemory=2048M
IndexMemory=512M
[tcp default]
[ndb_mgmd]
hostname=192.168.9.243
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster
NodeId=1
[ndbd]
hostname=192.168.9.241
datadir=/u01/mysql/data
NodeId=2
[ndbd]
hostname=192.168.9.242
datadir=/u01/mysql/data
NodeId=3
[mysqld]
hostname=192.168.9.241
NodeId=4
[mysqld]
hostname=192.168.9.242
NodeId=5

配置说明:
[ndbd default]
这部分是公共部分,对于每一个数据节点都有效,只需要配置一份
NoOfReplicas=1
数据镜像几份(各数据节点之间相互备份)
[tcp default]
针对每个数据节点及管理节点之间使用哪个端口进行通讯,在旧版本的NDB集群软件配置时,这个地方通常配置portnumber=2202但新版的NDB软件这里不需要配置,并且MySQL官方也强烈建议不要配置
[ndb_mgmd]
管理节点的配置部分(通常只有一个)。注意NodeId=1指明管理节点的节点ID为1,如果不指定,在启动集群时,会报错
hostname=192.168.9.243
指明管理节点的IP地址
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster
指明集群管理日志存放的位置
[ndbd]
数据节点配置部分,有几个数据节点就配置几个[ndbd]
hostname=192.168.1.111
指明数据节点的IP地址
datadir=/u01/app/mysql/data
指明数据节点上的数据库文件存放的位置
NodeId=2
指明该数据节点在整个集群中的nodeid号(很重要)
[mysqld]
SQL节点配置部分,有几个SQL节点,就配置几个[mysqld]
到这里,就可以启动集群了

[root@sqltest03 bin]# pwd
/usr/local/bin
[root@sqltest03 bin]# ./ndb_mgmd -f /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini
MySQL Cluster Management Server mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7

进入执行查看

[root@sqltest03 bin]# ndb_mgm

-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)]   2 node(s)
id=2 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.9.241)
id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.9.242)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1  @192.168.9.243 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7)
[mysqld(API)]  2 node(s)
id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.9.241)
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.9.242)

可以看到有两个节点,节点没有连接上
4、配置mysqld节点及存储节点(sqltest01,sqltest02)
--建立相应目录

[root@sqltest01 mysql]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql  --用于存放刚才解压的文件,如mysql的bin目录等
[root@sqltest01 mysql]# mkdir -p /u01/mysql/data --用于存储数据文件(innodb)
[root@sqltest01 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /u01

--将先前解压的文件拷贝

[root@sqltest01 mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64]# pwd
/u01/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
[root@sqltest01 mysql-cluster-gpl-7.3.7-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64]# mv * /usr/local/mysql/
[root@sqltest01 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/

--拷贝mysql.server

[root@sqltest01 support-files]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/support-files
[root@sqltest01 support-files]# ls -lrt
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  773 Oct 9 21:46 magic
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 10880 Oct 9 22:42 mysql.server
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql  894 Oct 9 22:42 mysql-log-rotate
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1061 Oct 9 22:42 mysqld_multi.server
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1126 Oct 9 22:42 my-default.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1153 Oct 9 22:42 binary-configure
[root@sqltest01 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

--编辑环境变量

[root@sqltest01 tmp]# vi /etc/profile

添加如下:

PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH

export PATH

[root@sqltest01 tmp]# source /etc/profile 

   --使修改生效
--配置my.cnf

[root@sqltest01 support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

并对my.cnf进行配置,具体配置如下

[mysqld]
ndbcluster
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/u01/mysql/data
port=3306
[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring=192.168.9.243

--初始化节点数据库

[root@sqltest01 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/u01/mysql/data

执行完这条命令以后,数据库的数据文件(包括mysql,test , performance_schema等数据库),就安装到相应的位置了,可以使用了
在两个节点都执行上面的步骤即可
5、在两个点启动

[root@sqltest01 mysql]# ndbd --initial

2014-12-24 17:55:57 [ndbd] INFO   -- Angel connected to '192.168.9.243:1186'
2014-12-24 17:55:57 [ndbd] INFO   -- Angel allocated nodeid: 2

第一次启动时,需要加--initial来初始化数据节点,第二次启动时,就不需要这个参数了
在管理节点查看,可以看到第一个节点已经连接

ndb_mgm> show

Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)]   2 node(s)
id=2  @192.168.9.241 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7, starting, Nodegroup: 0)  --表明已经连接上了
id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.9.242)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1  @192.168.9.243 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7)
[mysqld(API)]  2 node(s)
id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.9.241)
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.9.242)

启动mysqld

[root@sqltest01 mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@sqltest01 bin]# ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql

141224 17:59:50 mysqld_safe Logging to '/u01/mysql/data/sqltest01.err'.
141224 17:59:51 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /u01/mysql/data

启动数据库时,第一次初始化使用的root,而这次使用mysql,需要对/u01/mysql/data权限进行配置,否则报不可读写
再次在管理节点查看

ndb_mgm> show

Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)]   2 node(s)
id=2  @192.168.9.241 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7, Nodegroup: 0, *)
id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.9.242)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1  @192.168.9.243 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7)
[mysqld(API)]  2 node(s)
id=4  @192.168.9.241 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7)   

                  --表明已经连接上了
最后把第二节点也启动,再次从管理节点检查

ndb_mgm> show

Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)]   2 node(s)
id=2  @192.168.9.241 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7, Nodegroup: 0, *)
id=3  @192.168.9.242 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7, Nodegroup: 1)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1  @192.168.9.243 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7)
[mysqld(API)]  2 node(s)
id=4  @192.168.9.241 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7)
id=5  @192.168.9.242 (mysql-5.6.21 ndb-7.3.7)

6、在两个节点测试

[root@sqltest01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.21-ndb-7.3.7-cluster-gpl MySQL Cluster Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database mydb1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> use mydb1;
Database changed
mysql> create table mytb1(id int,birthdate datetime,pername char(10)) engine=ndbcluster;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

mysql> insert into mytb1(id,birthdate,pername) values(1,'2013-01-23 09:45:10','pengzitong');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into mytb1(id,birthdate,pername) values(2,'2007-07-09 09:45:10','pengzixin');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> commit;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

在第二节点检查

[root@sqltest02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.21-ndb-7.3.7-cluster-gpl MySQL Cluster Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mydb1
mysql> select * from mytb1;
+------+---------------------+------------+
| id  | birthdate      | pername  |
+------+---------------------+------------+
|  1 | 2013-01-23 09:45:10 | pengzitong |
|  2 | 2007-07-09 09:45:10 | pengzixin |
+------+---------------------+------------+

7、集群停止
要想关闭 Cluster,可在MGM节点所在的机器上,在Shell中简单地输入下述命令:

[root@sqltest03 bin]# /usr/local/mysql/ndb_mgm -e shutdown

运行以下命令关闭SQL节点的mysqld服务:

[root@sqltest01 bin]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot shutdown

Statement:
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn