目前成熟的实时备份为双机(master/slave),是基于同步日志事件来实现,那单机如何实现具有增量的备份呢?可以借用双机的原理,非常简单,实施步骤如下:
Mysql版本:mysql4.0+
1、vi my.cfg
代码如下:
[mysqld] log-update=/home/backup/update #添加该行
2、service mysql restart
会在/home/backup/update00001文件,内容为数据库变化的所有SQL(没有select)
3、每天的全备,mysql4.0+最简单就是备份data目录。
代码如下:
service mysql stop tar -czf data(日期).tar.gz mysql/data service mysql start
当mysql启动时系统会自动在/home/backup/创建update0000*的文件,那我们可以用该文件作为当天全备的增量实时备份。
4、数据还原
代码如下:
service mysql stop tar -zxvf data(日期).tar.gz mysql/ service mysql start mysqladmin -u -p /home/backup/update0000*
如想还原昨天、前天的数据只需要找相应的update0000*来还原即可:)
以下是补充:
1、MYSQL数据库提供了一种主从备份的机制,其实就是把主数据库的所有的数据同时写到备份数据库里面,从而实现MYSQL数据库的实时备份。
2、版本要求,首先要保证主服务器和从服务器的MYSQL版本都高于3.2,另外,从数据库的版本可以高于主服务器,但不能低于主服务器。
3、主服务器设置:
A、先修改MY.INI中有关log-bin的设置,这是记录数据库更改的日志,由于MYSQL的复制机制,是基于日志的,所以主服务器必须要支持更改日志才可以。
接着设置要写入日志的数据库,或者不要写入日志的数据库,这是为了告诉MYSQL,那个库需要备份,哪个不需要。
下面是配置详情:
server-id=1 //数据库的id这个应该默认是1就不用改动
log-bin=log_name //日志文件的名称,这里可以制定日志到别的目录 如果没有设置则默认主机名的一个日志名称
binlog-do-db=db_name //记录日志的数据库
binlog-ignore-db=db_name //不记录日志的数据库
上面的binlog-do-db和binlog-ignore-db可以设置成多个数据库,每个数据库名称之间用“,”分割开。
下一步是设置同步数据库的用户账号
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.*
-> TO ‘备份用户名'@'只能从这个IP登录' IDENTIFIED BY ‘备份用户密码';
设置好以后,重启一下数据库服务。
B、锁定现有的数据,并将数据备份
数据库锁定的命令是:
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
然后进入mysql的data目录,然后打包你需要备份的数据库目录。
C、现在可以查看主服务器的状态了:
命令如下:
mysql> show master status\G;
返回结果会是这样的
+—————+———-+————–+——————+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +—————+———-+————–+——————+ | mysql-bin.003 | 73 | test | manual,mysql | +—————+———-+————–+——————+
当然,这个表,显示了你刚才在MY.INI中写入的配置。
然后解锁数据库:
mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
4、从服务器设置
还是和刚才一样,修改数据库配置文件,即MY.INI
配置详情如下:
server-id=n //设置数据库id默认主服务器是1可以随便设置但是如果有多台从服务器则不能重复。 master-host=db-master.mycompany.com //主服务器的IP地址或者域名 master-port=3306 //主数据库的端口号 master-user=pertinax //同步数据库的用户 master-password=freitag //同步数据库的密码 master-connect-retry=60 //如果从服务器发现主服务器断掉,重新连接的时间差 report-host=db-slave.mycompany.com //报告错误的服务器
然后将你刚才打包的数据库文件拷贝到你的从数据库目录中。
重启从数据库服务器。
然后停止SLAVE的服务
mysql> slave stop; //停止slave的服务
停止之后,还是在mysql提示符下,设置主服务器的各种参数
命令如下:
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='master_host_name', //主服务器的IP地址 -> MASTER_USER='replication_user_name', //同步数据库的用户 -> MASTER_PASSWORD='replication_password', //同步数据库的密码 -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='recorded_log_file_name', //主服务器二进制日志的文件名(前面要求记住的参数) -> MASTER_LOG_POS=recorded_log_position; //日志文件的开始位置(前面要求记住的参数)
然后启动同步数据库的进程
mysql> slave start;
没有意外的话基本上到这一步,双库同步就已经实现了。
以上就是Mysql实时备份实现方法_MySQL的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

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