C语言中字符串的结束标志是【'\0'】。C语言中没有专门的字符串变量,通常用一个字符数组来存放一个字符串,字符串总是以【'\0'】作为结束符。
'\0'就是8位的00000000,因为字符类型中并没有对应的这个字符,所以这么写。'\0'就是 字符串结束标志。
'\0'是转译字符,意思是告诉编译器,这不是字符0,而是空字符。空字符\0对应的二进制为00000000,而数字0为00110000。
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原来,在C语言中没有专门的字符串变量,通常用一个字符数组来存放一个字符串。字符串总是以'\0'作为串的结束符。因此当把一个字符串存入一个数组时,也把结束符 '\0'存入数组,并以此作为该字符串是否结束的标志。有了'\0'标志后,就不必再用字符数组的长度来判断字符串的长度了。
说明:
把一个字符串赋值给数组:u8 str1[]={"cxjr.21ic.org"}; 实际上数组str1在内存中的实际存放情况为:c x j r . 2 1 i c . o r g '\0' 。这后面的'\0'是由C编译系统自动加上的。所以在用字符串赋初值时一般无须指定数组的长度, 而由系统自行处理。把字符数组str1中的字符串拷贝到字符数组str2中。串结束标志'\0'也一同拷贝。
个案:
1、当数组长度不够。假设我们指定了数组长度,如:u8 str1[13]={"cxjr.21ic.org"}; 由于字符组str1的长度为13,所以后面的信息会丢失,即'\0'丢失。
2、如果在给数组赋值时,把每个字符单独用引号括起来。也会丢失'\0'。如:u8 str1[]={'c','x','j','r','.','2','1','i','c','.','o','r','g'}; 如果希望数组以'\0'结束,则可以写成以下三者之一:
u8 str1[]={"cxjr.21ic.org"}; //字符串赋值 u8 str1[]={'c','x','j','r','.','2','1','i','c','.','o','r','g','\0'}; //人工添加 u8 str1[14]={'c','x','j','r','.','2','1','i','c','.','o','r','g'}; //故意给数组预留一个空位
代码示例:
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> using namespace std; int main() { char s[] = "10"; printf("%s\n", s); printf("s[1]:%d\n", s[1]); printf("s[2]:%d\n", s[2]); printf("s[1]:%c\n", s[1]); printf("s[2]:%c\n", s[2]); char u[] = {"hello"}; cout << sizeof(u) / sizeof(*u) << endl; char v[] = "hello"; cout << sizeof(v) / sizeof(*v) << endl; }
运行结果:
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