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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialLet's talk about Python's two-way queue

Let's talk about Python's two-way queue

Oct 27, 2020 pm 05:09 PM
pythonbidirectional queue

Python教程今天介绍双向队列。

Let's talk about Python's two-way queue

虽然可以使用 Python 列表的 .append 和 .pop 方法模拟栈或者队列,但删除列表的第一个元素或者在第一个元素之前添加一个新元素,都非常耗时。因为需要把列表中的所有元素向后移动。

Python 的双向队列使用 collections.deque 类来实现。它是一个线程安全且可以快速从两端添加或者删除元素的类。

deque  /dɛk/

也可以利用 collections.deque 类来实现缓存。首先先指定缓存队列的大小,然后从队首删除过期元素和在队尾添加新元素。

Luciano Ramalho 举了一个示例来说明双向队列的基本用法。

from collections import deque

dq = deque(range(10), maxlen=10)
logging.info('dq -> %s', dq)

dq.rotate(3)
logging.info('dq -> %s', dq)

dq.rotate(-4)
logging.info('dq -> %s', dq)

dq.extend([11, 22, 33])
logging.info('dq -> %s', dq)

dq.extendleft([10, 20, 30, 40])
logging.info('dq -> %s', dq)复制代码

运行结果:

INFO - dq -> deque([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], maxlen=10)
INFO - dq -> deque([7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], maxlen=10)
INFO - dq -> deque([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0], maxlen=10)
INFO - dq -> deque([4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 11, 22, 33], maxlen=10)
INFO - dq -> deque([40, 30, 20, 10, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], maxlen=10)复制代码
  1. maxlen 是 deque 的可选参数,用于指定队列容量,即可以放多少个元素。
  2. rotate() 方法可以旋转队列。它有一个入参 n ,当 n >0时,队列从最右边开始的 n 个元素会被移动到左边。当 n
  3. extend() 方法可以为队列添加新元素,它接受一个列表作为入参,会把列表中的所有元素添加到队列中。新的元素放置在队列右边。
  4. 如果在添加新元素时发现队列已满,这时就会自动删除队首的元素。
  5. extendleft(iter) 方法是把新增的元素放置在队列左边。其它特性与 extend() 方法相同。

双向队列也不是完美的,如果从队列中间位置删除元素就比较慢,因为它只针对队列的头尾操作做了优化。

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