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About Laravel ORM caching Model::find method

前段时间做项目时候,想要在不改变方法签名的情况下,给 Model::find 方法做个缓存。而且想要做到即插即用。

1.先看一下当我们调用 find 方法时,框架干了什么?

找到 Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model 的代码,搜索 find,没有该方法。看来是走了 __callStatic 这个魔术方法。该方法里只有一行代码:

return (new static)->$method(...$parameters);

static 指的是调用该静态方法的类(如果使用的是 UserModel::find(1),则 static 就代表 UserModel 类)。看来是实例化了一个对象,并调用了成员方法。

2.分析如何优雅地在中间插一脚

为了能够在调用 find 时候,先走我们的缓存,所以我们需要覆盖 __callStatic 方法,并检测如果是 find 方法,则优先返回缓存中的数据。

另外,为了能够达到即插即用的效果,我们使用继承的方式,而是使用了 Trait。核心逻辑如下:

public static function create($data = null){
    if ($data == null){
        return null;
    }
    $instance = new static;
    foreach ($data as $key => $value){
        $instance[$key] = $value;
    }
    return $instance;
}
/**
 * 如果方法是 find($id, $nocache)
 *
 * @param  string  $method
 * @param  array  $parameters
 * @return mixed
 */
public static function __callStatic($method, $parameters)
{
    if ($method == 'find'){
        // 从缓存中获取数据
        $obj = static::create(json_decode(Redis::get(static::getCacheKey($parameters[0])), true));
        if (null == $obj){
            $obj = (new static)->$method(...$parameters);
            if (null == $obj){
                return null;
            } else {
                $key = static::getCacheKey($parameters[0]);
                // 设置缓存及过期时间
                Redis::set($key, $obj);
                Redis::expire($key, static::$expire_time);
                return $obj;
            }
        } else {
            $obj->exists = true;
            return $obj;
        }
    } else if($method == 'findNoCache'){
        $method = 'find';
        return (new static)->$method(...$parameters);
    }
    return (new static)->$method(...$parameters);
}
private static function getCacheKey($id){
    $name = str_replace('\\', ':', __CLASS__);
    return "{$name}:{$id}";
}

大体逻辑上面已经介绍过了:覆盖 __callStatic 方法,判断如果是调用 find ,则走缓存(无缓存,查询后需要设置缓存)。另新增 findNoCache 方法。

3.细节补充

当修改(或删除)数据(调用 save 方法)时需要删除已缓存的内容。

private static function clearCache($id){
    Redis::del(self::getCacheKey($id));
}
/**
 * when save, should clear cache
 * @param array $options
 */
public function save(array $options = []){
    static::clearCache($this[$this->primaryKey]);
    return parent::save($options);
}
// delete 方法我暂时写,内容类似 save 方法
如何使用。在需要使用 find 缓存的 Model 类里,加上一行就够了。
class User extends BaseModel
{
    use MemoryCacheTrait;
}

快去试试吧。

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