What are the server environments?

lighttpd

Lighttpd is a program with very low memory overhead, low CPU usage and high performance Good, as well as rich modules and other features.                                                                                                                                                                                                         Supports FastCGI, CGI, Auth, output compression, URL rewriting, Alias ​​and other important functions. Lighttpd uses fastcgi to run php, which will use very few PHP processes to respond to a large amount of concurrency.

The advantage of Fastcgi is:

From a stability point of view, fastcgi runs cgi in an independent process pool. If a single process dies, the system can easily Discard it, and then reassign a new process to run the logic.

From a security point of view, fastcgi is completely independent from the host server. No matter how fastcgi is down, it will not bring down the server.

From a performance point of view, fastcgi separates the processing of dynamic logic from the server, and leaves the heavy-load IO processing to the host server. In this way, the host server can concentrate on IO. For an ordinary dynamic web page, there may be only one logic processing. A small amount of static IO processing such as a large number of pictures does not require the participation of logic programs at all (Note 1)

In terms of scalability, fastcgi is a neutral technical standard and can fully support processing programs written in any language. (php,java,python...)

apache

apache is the world's number one web server, according to netcraft (www.netsraft.co.uk) According to a survey, more than 50% of the world's web servers use Apache.

In April 1995, the earliest apache (version 0.6.2) was released by the apache group. The apache group is a non-profit organization that operates entirely through the Internet. It determines the standard release of the apache web server. What content should be included in the version. Allow anyone to fix bugs, provide new features and port it to new platforms, and other work.

When new code is submitted to the apache group, The group reviews its specific content, tests it, and if deemed satisfactory, the code is integrated into the main Apache distribution.

Nginx

Nginx is A very lightweight HTTP server written by Russians, Nginx, pronounced "engine X", is a high-performance HTTP and reverse proxy server, and is also an IMAP/POP3/SMTP proxy server. Nginx was developed by the Russian Igor Sysoev for the second most visited Rambler.ru site in Russia.

Nginx is written in an event-driven manner, so it has very good performance and is also a very efficient reverse proxy , load balancing. It has the performance that matches Lighttpd, but does not have the memory leak problem of Lighttpd, and Lighttpd's mod_proxy also has some problems and has not been updated for a long time. However, Nginx does not support running in cgi mode because it can reduce some program vulnerabilities caused by this. Therefore, FastCGI must be used to execute PHP programs.

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