How to make games in python

PyGame is a Python library that makes it easier for you to write a game. It provides functions such as image processing and sound playback, and they can be easily integrated into your game.

The following is the code for backgammon, and my understanding is written in the comments(recommended learning: Python Video tutorial)

import pygame
# 导入pygame模块
print(pygame.ver)
# 检查pygame的版本，检查pygame有没有导入成功

EMPTY = 0
BLACK = 1
WHITE = 2
# 定义三个常量函数，用来表示白棋，黑棋，以及 空

black_color = [0, 0, 0]
# 定义黑色（黑棋用，画棋盘）
white_color = [255, 255, 255]
# 定义白色（白棋用）

# 定义棋盘这个类
class RenjuBoard(object):

  def __init__(self):
    # self._board = board = [[EMPTY] * 15 for _ in range(15)]
    # 将棋盘每一个交叉点都看作列表的一个元素位，一共有15*15共225个元素
    self._board = [[]] * 15
    self.reset()
  #重置棋盘
  def reset(self):
    for row in range(len(self._board)):
      self._board[row] = [EMPTY] * 15
  #定义棋盘上的下棋函数，row表示行，col表示列，is_black表示判断当前点位该下黑棋，还是白棋
  def move(self, row, col, is_black):
    if self._board[row][col] == EMPTY:
      self._board[row][col] = BLACK if is_black else WHITE
      return True
    return False
  # 给棋盘定义一个函数将自己在screen上面画出来，使用pygame.draw()函数。并且顺便将下了的棋子也画出来
  def draw(self, screen):
    for h in range(1, 16):
      pygame.draw.line(screen, black_color,
               [40, h * 40], [600, h * 40], 1)
      pygame.draw.line(screen, black_color,
    # 给棋盘加一个外框，使美观
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, black_color, [36, 36, 568, 568], 3)
    # 在棋盘上标出，天元以及另外4个特殊点位
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, black_color, [320, 320], 5, 0)
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, black_color, [160, 160], 3, 0)
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, black_color, [160, 480], 3, 0)
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, black_color, [480, 160], 3, 0)
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, black_color, [480, 480], 3, 0)
    #做2次for循环取得棋盘上所有交叉点的坐标
    for row in range(len(self._board)):
      for col in range(len(self._board[row])):
        # 将下在棋盘上的棋子画出来
        if self._board[row][col] != EMPTY:
          ccolor = black_color \
            if self._board[row][col] == BLACK else white_color
          # 取得这个交叉点下的棋子的颜色，并将棋子画出来
          pos = [40 * (col + 1), 40 * (row + 1)]
          # 画出棋子
          pygame.draw.circle(screen, ccolor, pos, 18, 0)

# 定义函数，传入当前棋盘上的棋子列表，输出结果，不管黑棋白棋胜，都是传回False，未出结果则为True
def is_win(board):
  for n in range(15):
    # 判断垂直方向胜利
    flag = 0
    # flag是一个标签，表示是否有连续以上五个相同颜色的棋子
    for b in board._board:
      if b[n] == 1:
        flag += 1
        if flag == 5:
          print('黑棋胜')
          return False
      else:
      # else表示此时没有连续相同的棋子，标签flag重置为0
        flag = 0

    flag = 0
    for b in board._board:
      if b[n] == 2:
        flag += 1
        if flag == 5:
          print('白棋胜')
          return False
      else:
        flag = 0

    # 判断水平方向胜利
    flag = 0
    for b in board._board[n]:
      if b == 1:
        flag += 1
        if flag == 5:
          print('黑棋胜')
          return False
      else:
        flag = 0

    flag = 0
    for b in board._board[n]:
      if b == 2:
        flag += 1
        if flag == 5:
          print('白棋胜')
          return False
      else:
        flag = 0

    # 判断正斜方向胜利

    for x in range(4, 25):
      flag = 0
      for i,b in enumerate(board._board):
        if 14 >= x - i >= 0 and b[x - i] == 1:
          flag += 1
          if flag == 5:
            print('黑棋胜')
            return False
        else:
          flag = 0

    for x in range(4, 25):
      flag = 0
      for i,b in enumerate(board._board):
        if 14 >= x - i >= 0 and b[x - i] == 2:
          flag += 1
          if flag == 5:
            print('白棋胜')
            return False
        else:
          flag = 0

    #判断反斜方向胜利
    for x in range(11, -11, -1):
      flag = 0
      for i,b in enumerate(board._board):
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