Two ways to open files
f = open("data.txt","r") #设置文件对象 f.close() #关闭文件 #为了方便,避免忘记close掉这个文件对象,可以用下面这种方式替代 with open('data.txt',"r") as f: #设置文件对象 str = f.read() #可以是随便对文件的操作
Some simple operations on files:
1. Read files
1. Simply read the file into a string
f = open("data.txt","r") #设置文件对象 str = f.read() #将txt文件的所有内容读入到字符串str中 f.close() #将文件关闭
2. Read the entire file line by line
#第一种方法 f = open("data.txt","r") #设置文件对象 line = f.readline() line = line[:-1] while line: #直到读取完文件 line = f.readline() #读取一行文件,包括换行符 line = line[:-1] #去掉换行符,也可以不去 f.close() #关闭文件 #第二种方法 data = [] for line in open("data.txt","r"): #设置文件对象并读取每一行文件 data.append(line) #将每一行文件加入到list中 #第三种方法 f = open("data.txt","r") #设置文件对象 data = f.readlines() #直接将文件中按行读到list里,效果与方法2一样 f.close() #关闭文件
3. Read the file into an array
import numpy as np data = np.loadtxt("data.txt") #将文件中数据加载到data数组里
2 , write file
1. Simply write the string into txt
with open('data.txt','w') as f: #设置文件对象 f.write(str) #将字符串写入文件中
2. Write the list into the file
Single-layer list
data = ['a','b','c'] #单层列表写入文件 with open("data.txt","w") as f: f.writelines(data)
Double Layer list
#双层列表写入文件 #第一种方法,每一项用空格隔开,一个列表是一行写入文件 data =[ ['a','b','c'],['a','b','c'],['a','b','c']] with open("data.txt","w") as f: #设置文件对象 for i in data: #对于双层列表中的数据 i = str(i).strip('[').strip(']').replace(',','').replace('\'','')+'\n' #将其中每一个列表规范化成字符串 f.write(i) #写入文件 #第二种方法,直接将每一项都写入文件 data =[ ['a','b','c'],['a','b','c'],['a','b','c']] with open("data.txt","w") as f: #设置文件对象 for i in data: #对于双层列表中的数据 f.writelines(i) #写入文件
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