一、绘制基本图形
在每次用canvas画布时,都有几步是“套路”
1.在HTML中创建Canvas画布:
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">canvas </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="mycanvas"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="960px"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> height</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="580px"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 浏览器不支持canvas </span><span style="color: #008000;"><!--</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果不支持会显示这段文字 </span><span style="color: #008000;">--></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>
2.获取画布标签,并得到一个2D对象:
<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> c = document.getElementById('mycanvas'); <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">获取标签</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> ctx = c.getContext("2d"); <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">返回一个用来绘制环境类型的环境,返回一个2D对象 ,该对象实现了一个画布使用的大多数方法。</span>
1、绘制线条:
ctx.lineWidth = 10; <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">设置线条宽度 </span> ctx.strokeStyle = "red"; <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">设置线条的颜色</span> ctx.beginPath(); <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">创建一个新的路径</span> ctx.moveTo(10,10); <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">将画笔光标位置移动到坐标(10,10)处</span> ctx.lineTo(150,10); <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">移动画笔到坐标(150,50)处</span> ctx.stroke(); <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">开始绘制定义好的路径</span>
通过ctx.lineCap="butt"可以设置线条的形状。有三个可取值:butt、round、square。
2、绘制空心矩形:
md5.strokeRect(100,100,200,240); <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">绘制空心矩形的函数,四个参数分别表示起点X、Y坐标、矩形长、矩形宽</span>
3、绘制实心矩形:
方法一:使用fillRext()函数。在绘制实心矩形时,可使用fillStyle设置图形的颜色。
方法二:
md5.rect(10,10,70,40<span style="color: #000000;">); md5.fill();</span>
4、画圆:
使用arc()函数可以画一个圆弧。有六个参数:圆弧中心X、Y坐标、圆弧半径、起始角度、终
止角度、是否逆时针。可以调用fill()函数画一个实心圆。
5、画圆角矩形:
用arcTo函数可以画圆角矩形。有五个参数:P1的X、Y和P2的X、Y、圆弧的半径radius。
6、擦除Canvas画板:
clearRect()函数。四个参数:X、Y、长度、宽度。
7、绘制复杂:二维贝塞尔曲线、三维贝塞尔曲线。
8、利用clip()函数可在指定区域绘图。
9、绘制自定义图形。
二、绘制文本
1、cxt.font:设置字体样式。
ctx.font = "30px Arial"; <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">设置文字大小和字体样式、字体大小、斜体效果</span>
2、cxt.strokeText():设置文字内容。空心文字!有四个参数:文本字符串,坐标X、坐标Y、文本宽 。最后一个参数可以省去,省去时文本宽度自动设定为整个文本的宽度。
ctx.strokeText("Hello World",100,50); <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">设置文字内容</span>
3、cxt.fillText():设置文字内容。实心文字!参数同strokeText();
4、ctx.textAlign=" ";设置文字对齐方式:center、left、right。
5、ctx.textBaseline=" "; 设置文字纵向对齐方式:top、middle、bottom、ideographic等。
三、图片操作
1、利用drawImage()函数绘制图片,该函数有三种原型:
<span style="color: #000000;">drawImage(image,dx,dy); drawImage(image,dx,dy,dw,dh); drawImage(image,sx,sy,sw,sh,dx,dydw,dh);</span>
第一参数都是要绘制的对象。
绘制图像方法一:
在HTML添加如下代码:
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">img </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="face"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="1.jpg"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> alt</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="the face"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="240px"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> height</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="240px"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>
JavaScript代码如下:
<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> img=document.getElementById("face"<span style="color: #000000;">); image.onload </span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){ ctx.drawImage(image,</span>10,10<span style="color: #000000;">); } </span>
绘制图像方法二:
<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> image = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Image(); image.src </span>= "1.jpg"<span style="color: #000000;">; image.onload </span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){ ctx.drawImage(image,</span>10,10<span style="color: #000000;">); ctx.drawImage(image,</span>260,10,100,100<span style="color: #000000;">); ctx.drawImage(image,</span>50,50,100,100,260,130,100,100<span style="color: #000000;">); } </span>
一定要添加图片的onload事件监听!
第一个函数从(10,10)开始绘制整张图片。
第二个函数从(260,10)绘制整张图片到长100、宽100的矩形区域内。
第三个函数表示截取图片从(50,50)到(100,100)的部分,从坐标(260,130)开始绘制,放到长100、宽100的矩形区域内。
2、利用getImageData和putImageData绘制图片。
3、利用createImageData新建像素。

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