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[Linux] awk and posix character set

Apr 17, 2019 pm 03:45 PM
awklinux

awk 是一种很棒的语言,它适合文本处理和报表生成,其语法较为常见,借鉴了某些语言的一些精华,如 C 语言等。在 linux 系统日常处理工作中,发挥很重要的作用。 它允许您创建简短的程序,这些程序读取输入文件、为数据排序、处理数据、对输入执行计算以及生成报表,还有无数其他的功能。

awk posix字符集
[:alnum:]  文字数字字符
[:alpha:]  文字字符
[:digit:]  数字字符
[:graph:]  非空字符(非空格、控制字符)
[:lower:]  小写字符
[:cntrl:]  控制字符
[:print:]  非空字符(包括空格)
[:punct:]  标点符号
[:space:]  所有空白字符(新行,空格,制表符)
[:upper:]  大写字符
[:xdigit:] 十六进制数字(0-9,a-f,A-F)

测试文本:

[root@vm-228-187 test]# cat aaa.txt 
AddddE
aaaaa
123aaa
1233

awk  条件判断模式{动作}    ,   条件操作符, ~匹配正则  

存在大写字母


[root@vm-228-187 test]# cat aaa.txt |awk  '$1~ /[[:upper:]]/{print $1}' 
AddddE

存在数字字符


[root@vm-228-187 test]# cat aaa.txt |awk  '$1~ /[[:digit:]]/{print $1}'     
123aaa
1233

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