How to implement a lightweight container in php (code example)

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What is a container

In the development process, a concept that is often used is dependency injection. We use lazy injection to decouple code and selectively load services on demand, which are usually implemented with the help of containers.

Containers implement unified management of objects and ensure the uniqueness of object instances

Containers can easily find many implementation examples, such as PHP-DI, YII - Various implementations such as DI are usually either large and comprehensive or highly adapted to specific businesses, which conflicts with actual needs.

Out of necessity, we build a lightweight wheel ourselves. In order to maintain specifications, we implement it based on PSR-11.

PSR-11

PSR is a standardization recommendation provided by php-fig. Although it is not an official organization, it is widely recognized. PSR-11 provides a container interface. It contains ContainerInterface and two exception interfaces, and provides usage suggestions.

/**
 * Describes the interface of a container that exposes methods to read its entries.
 */
interface ContainerInterface
{
    /**
     * Finds an entry of the container by its identifier and returns it.
     *
     * @param string $id Identifier of the entry to look for.
     *
     * @throws NotFoundExceptionInterface  No entry was found for **this** identifier.
     * @throws ContainerExceptionInterface Error while retrieving the entry.
     *
     * @return mixed Entry.
     */
    public function get($id);

    /**
     * Returns true if the container can return an entry for the given identifier.
     * Returns false otherwise.
     *
     * `has($id)` returning true does not mean that `get($id)` will not throw an exception.
     * It does however mean that `get($id)` will not throw a `NotFoundExceptionInterface`.
     *
     * @param string $id Identifier of the entry to look for.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function has($id);
}

Implementation example

Let’s first implement the two methods required in the interface

abstract class AbstractContainer implements ContainerInterface
{

    protected $resolvedEntries = [];

    /**
     * @var array
     */
    protected $definitions = [];

    public function __construct($definitions = [])
    {
        foreach ($definitions as $id => $definition) {
            $this->injection($id, $definition);
        }
    }

    public function get($id)
    {

        if (!$this->has($id)) {
            throw new NotFoundException("No entry or class found for {$id}");
        }

        $instance = $this->make($id);

        return $instance;
    }

    public function has($id)
    {
        return isset($this->definitions[$id]);
    }

The actual objects injected in our container are diverse , so we extract the instantiation method separately.

    protected function make($name)
    {
        if (isset($this->resolvedEntries[$name])) {
            return $this->resolvedEntries[$name];
        }

        $definition = $this->definitions[$name];
        $params = [];
        if (is_array($definition) && isset($definition['class'])) {
            $params = $definition;
            $definition = $definition['class'];
            unset($params['class']);
        }

        $object = $this->reflector($definition, $params);

        return $this->resolvedEntries[$name] = $object;
    }

    public function reflector($concrete, array $params = [])
    {
        if ($concrete instanceof \Closure) {
            return $concrete($params);
        } elseif (is_string($concrete)) {
            $reflection = new \ReflectionClass($concrete);
            $dependencies = $this->getDependencies($reflection);
            foreach ($params as $index => $value) {
                $dependencies[$index] = $value;
            }
            return $reflection->newInstanceArgs($dependencies);
        } elseif (is_object($concrete)) {
            return $concrete;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param \ReflectionClass $reflection
     * @return array
     */
    private function getDependencies($reflection)
    {
        $dependencies = [];
        $constructor = $reflection->getConstructor();
        if ($constructor !== null) {
            $parameters = $constructor->getParameters();
            $dependencies = $this->getParametersByDependencies($parameters);
        }

        return $dependencies;
    }

    /**
     *
     * 获取构造类相关参数的依赖
     * @param array $dependencies
     * @return array $parameters
     * */
    private function getParametersByDependencies(array $dependencies)
    {
        $parameters = [];
        foreach ($dependencies as $param) {
            if ($param->getClass()) {
                $paramName = $param->getClass()->name;
                $paramObject = $this->reflector($paramName);
                $parameters[] = $paramObject;
            } elseif ($param->isArray()) {
                if ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
                    $parameters[] = $param->getDefaultValue();
                } else {
                    $parameters[] = [];
                }
            } elseif ($param->isCallable()) {
                if ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
                    $parameters[] = $param->getDefaultValue();
                } else {
                    $parameters[] = function ($arg) {
                    };
                }
            } else {
                if ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
                    $parameters[] = $param->getDefaultValue();
                } else {
                    if ($param->allowsNull()) {
                        $parameters[] = null;
                    } else {
                        $parameters[] = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return $parameters;
    }

As you can see, so far we have only taken out the instance from the container. Where to provide the instance definition, so we also need to provide a method.

    /**
     * @param string $id
     * @param string | array | callable $concrete
     * @throws ContainerException
     */
    public function injection($id, $concrete)
    {
        if (!is_string($id)) {
            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(
                'The id parameter must be of type string, %s given',
                is_object($id) ? get_class($id) : gettype($id)
            ));
        }

        if (is_array($concrete) && !isset($concrete['class'])) {
            throw new ContainerException('数组必须包含类定义');
        }

        $this->definitions[$id] = $concrete;
    }

Only this ? Yes, with these operations we already have a complete container, ready to use out of the box.

However, for ease of use, we can provide some more convenient methods, such as array access.

class Container extends AbstractContainer implements \ArrayAccess
{

    public function offsetExists($offset)
    {
        return $this->has($offset);
    }

    public function offsetGet($offset)
    {
        return $this->get($offset);
    }

    public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
    {
        return $this->injection($offset, $value);
    }

    public function offsetUnset($offset)
    {
        unset($this->resolvedEntries[$offset]);
        unset($this->definitions[$offset]);
    }
}

In this way, we have a lightweight container that is rich in functions and easy to use. Let’s quickly integrate it into your project.

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