How to set up a PHP environment? PHP environment setup (detailed explanation)

How to build the PHP environment: first install wget through the command "yum install wget"; then install Nginx, and compile and depend on the gcc environment; then compile and install MySQL, and configure environment variables; finally compile and install PHP through the install command , and start "PHP-FPM".

How to set up a PHP environment? What this tutorial brings to you is how to set up a PHP environment? PHP environment setup (detailed explanation)

Follow the steps in the article, which can help you build an LNMP environment or LAMP environment on CentOS6.* system. These environments can be used as the online operating environment of the server.

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As a PHP Developers, we must know how to build a PHP development environment. The current mainstream PHP development environment combination is LAMP and LNMP. This article will introduce how to build an LNMP development environment on CentOS.

Directory:

One: Preparation

Two: Install Nginx

Three: Install MySQL

Four: Install PHP

##Five: /etc/rc.local does not execute when CentOS7 is started

1: Preparation work

1. Install wget

wget is a free tool that automatically downloads files from the Internet. It supports downloading through the three most common TCP/IP protocols: HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP, and can use HTTP proxy.

sudo yum install wget

2. Install net-tools

If you cannot use the ifconfig command when mini-installing CentOS7, you need to install

net-tools, if If you are installing the CentOS6 version, you do not need to install it

sudo yum install net-tools

3. Update the yum source

yum -y update

4. Install vim

sudo yum install vim

5. Configuration display line number

vim ~/.vimrc
set nu #输入 set nu 后退出保存

2: Install Nginx

1. Install dependencies

(1) Install

nginx You need to compile the source code downloaded from the official website first. The compilation depends on the gcc environment. If there is no gcc environment, you need to install gcc-c.

(2)

PCRE is a Perl library, Chinese "Perl compatible regular expression library". The purpose of installing Nginx is to enable Nginx to support the rewrite module with URI rewriting function. If the pcre library is not installed, Nginx cannot use the rewrite module function. The Rewrite module function of Nginx is almost necessary for enterprise applications.

(3)

zlib The library provides many compression and decompression methods. nginx uses zlib to gzip the contents of the http package, so the zlib library needs to be installed on Centos.

(4)

OpenSSL is a powerful secure socket layer cryptographic library, including major cryptographic algorithms, commonly used key and certificate encapsulation management functions and SSL protocols, and provides a wealth of application for testing or other purposes. nginx not only supports the http protocol, but also supports https (that is, transmitting http over the ssl protocol), so the OpenSSL library needs to be installed.

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ zlib zlib-devel
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

Note: The pcre version installed by the yum installation method is relatively low, but it basically does not affect the use of

Check the basic dependency package

The above dependency installation After completion, you can check whether each dependency installation is successful by using the following command

rpm -qa pcre pcre-devel
rpm -qa zlib zlib-devel
rpm -qa openssl openssl-devel
rpm -qa pcre pcre-devel

2. Compile and install Nginx

# 这里我们把安装包都放到了/usr/src目录下，便于统一管理
cd /usr/src  #切换到软件包目录
wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz   #下载nginx源码包
useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M   #创建nginx用户用于管理nginx程序
tar zxvf nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz  #解压nginx源码包

cd nginx-1.14.1

#预编译
./configure \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.14.1 \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module

make && make install #编译 和 安装

cd /usr/local
ln -s nginx-1.14.1 nginx  #创建nginx的软链接

Installation instructions

--prefix=PATH    #设置安装路劲
--user=USER      #进程用户权限
--group=GROUP    #进程用户组权限
--with-http_stub_status_module   #激活状态信息
--with-http_ssl_module  #激活ssl功能

3. Configure environment variables

vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
source /etc/profile

4. Configure auto-start at boot

vim /etc/rc.local
# Nginx开机自启
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx &

5.Nginx common commands

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t # 检查Nginx配置语法是否有误
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  #启动
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop  #立即停止
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit  #平滑停止
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重载配置
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen #重开日志

Service startup check

You can use this command to check who is occupying port 80

lsof -i :80

If you cannot recognize this command, you need to install it

lsof

sudo yum install lsof

6. Turn off the firewall

CentOS6:
service iptables stop   临时关闭
chkconfig --level 2345 iptables off 永久关闭

CentOS7:
systemctl stop firewalld.service  #令关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service  #关闭防火墙开机自启动
通过浏览器输入IP测试是否成功

3: Install MySQL

1. Install dependencies

(1)cmake is the compilation tool of the new version of MySQL, which must be installed

sudo yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel

If your system is CentOS7, you also need to install the following dependencies

sudo yum install perl perl-devel autoconf

2. Compile and install MySQL

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql  # 添加MySQL用户
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.42.tar.gz

tar zxvf mysql-5.6.42.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.6.42

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.42 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.42/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.42/data \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=OFF \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DENABLED_PROFILING=ON \
-DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

make && make install

3.MySQL configuration

cd /usr/local/mysql-5.6.42
chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.6.42/data
mkdir tmp
chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.6.42/tmp
rm -f /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql

4.Join the daemon process

cd /usr/local
ln -s mysql-5.6.42 mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld

5. Configure environment variables

vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile

6. Start MySQL

service mysqld start
mysql -u root -p #第一次登陆不需要密码，回车即可
set password for root@localhost = password('root');  #修改密码

四：安装PHP

1.安装依赖

sudo yum install gcc gcc-c++ zip unzip libxml2 libxml2-devel curl-devel autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel  zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel gd-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel

2.编译安装PHP

cd /usr/src
wget http://hk1.php.net/get/php-7.2.12.tar.gz/from/this/mirror -O php-7.2.12.tar.gz

tar zxvf php-7.2.12.tar.gz
cd  php-7.2.12
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php-7.2.12 \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--with-zlib \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock \
--with-gd \
--with-png-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-iconv-dir \
--with-openssl \
--with-curl \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-static \
--enable-zip \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-xml


make && make install

3.PHP配置

cd /usr/local

ln -s php-7.2.12 php
cp  /usr/src/php-7.2.12/php.ini-development /usr/local/php-7.2.12/lib/php.ini
 
vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
date.timezone = PRC  # 修改时区(大约在932行)

expose_php = Off  # 避免PHP信息暴露在http头中(大约369行)
 
display_errors = Off# 生产环境设置为off,开发环境就设置为On,便于调试
 说明:设置了dispaly_errors为off后,需要在php-fpm.conf中开启错误日志记录路径error_log = log/php-fpm.log
 
cd php 
cp etc/php-fpm.conf.default etc/php-fpm.conf

cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
cp www.conf.default www.conf

# 管理PHP-FPM
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = log/php-fpm.log #24行这个在php.ini设置display_errors = Off时启用

向进程发送信号,就可以完成进程管理
停止: kill -INT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
平滑停止: kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
重启:kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
重新打开日志:kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

如果在编译PHP时指定了--with-mysql=mysqlnd和--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd的参数，那么在生产中可能会遇到socket连接问题，解决办法是在php.ini里加入命令: pdo_mysql.default_socket=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

最好是在编译PHP的时候，指定mysql.socket的位置:
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

4.配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile

5.配置开机自启

vim /etc/rc.local
# PHP-FPM自动启动
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm &

6.启动PHP-FPM

cd /usr/local/php
sbin/php-fpm # 启动PHP-FPM
ps -e | grep php-fpm

7.配置Nginx和PHP关联

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    #隐藏Nginx软件版本号
    server_tokens off;
    
    #激活tcp_nodelay功能,提高I/O性能
    tcp_nodelay on;

    # 设置读取客户端请求头数据的超时时间。此处的数值为15，其单位是秒，为经验参考值
    client_header_timeout 15;

    # 设置读取客户端请求体的超时时间
    client_body_timeout 15;

    # 指定响应客户端的超时时间
    send_timeout 25;

    # 上传文件大小限制
    client_max_body_size 8m;
    
    #压缩配置
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 16 8k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types text/css text/xml text/plain application/javascript;
    gzip_vary on;
    #include extra/gzip.config;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
         listen       80;
         server_name  www.nginx.com;
         root html/blog/public;
         #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

         location / {
            index  index.php index.html index.htm;
            if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php/$1 last;
            }
         }

         #error_page  404              /404.html;

         # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
         #
         error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
         location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
         }

         # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
         #
         location ~ \.php {
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
         }
    }
}

五：CentOS7开机/etc/rc.local不执行问题

CentOS7中，默认开机不再执行/etc/rc.local,查询/etc/rc.local里的内容可以发现如下描述:

#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In constrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

翻译过来就是

#这个文件是为了兼容性的问题而添加的。
#
#强烈建议创建自己的systemd服务或udev规则来在开机时运行脚本而不是使用这个文件。
#
#与以前的版本引导时的并行执行相比较，这个脚本将不会在其他所有的服务后执行。
#
#请记住，你必须执行“chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local”来确保确保这个脚本在引导时执行。

所以要解决开机不执行问题，只需要执行下面的命令然后重启服务器。

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

完成上面这些步骤，一个LNMP环境就配好啦，重启服务器即可。

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