Home >Backend Development >C#.Net Tutorial >Chapter 3 C++: String, vector, and array
Chapter 2 introducesBuilt-in types, this chapter introducesAbstract data type library.
- Among them, string and vector are the two most important standard library types. The former supports variable-length string, The latter represents a variable-length collection.
- Another standard library type is iterator, which is a supporting type of string and vector and is often used to access characters in string and elements in vector.
Header files should not contain using statements.
#include <string>using std::string
Initialization string
Direct initialization (direct initialization)
Copy initialization (copy initialization): use the equal sign
string s1;string s2(s1);string s2 = s2;string s3("hiya");string s3 = "hiya";string s4(10, 'c'); //s4的内容是cccccccccc
Operations on string objects
1. cout << s2. cin >> s //将string对象读入s,遇到空白停止3. getline(is, s) //从输入流is中读取一行赋给s(换行符被读取了,但被丢弃而没有赋给s),返回is4. s.empty() //s为空返回true,否则返回false5. s.size()6. s[n] //返回s中第n个字符的引用,位置n从0计起 7. s1 + s2 //返回s1和s2连接后的结果8. s1 = s29. s1 == s210. s1 != s211. <, <=, >, >=
Logical NOT operator (!)
string::size_type type: The return value type of s.size() is the supporting type of the string class. It is an unsigned type value that can store the size of any string object.
cctype header file: function for judging or processing single characters
isupper(c) //c是大写字母时为真islower(c)tolower(c) //如果c是大写字母,则输出对于的小写字母;否则原样输出toupper(c)isalpha(c) //c是字母时为真isdigit(c) //c是数字时为真isalnum(c) //c是字母或数字时为真ispunct(c) //c是标点符号时为真isspace(c) //c是空白时为真(即c是空格、横向制表符、纵向制表符、回车符、换行符、进纸符的一种)iscntrl(c) //c是控制字符时为真isgraph(c) //c不是空格但可打印时为真isprint(c) //c是可打印字符时为真(即c是空格或具有可视形式)isxdigit(c) //十六进制数
Use the C version of the C standard library header file, in the shape of name.h. These files in C are named cname, with the same content, and the names defined in the header file cname belong to the namespace std.
Range for(range for)statement
for (declaration : expression) statement 例如:string str("some string");//每行输出str中的一个字符for(auto c : str) cout << c <<endl;
vector is a class template (class template). A vector represents a collection of objects, all of which are of the same type. Each object in the collection has a corresponding index, which is used to access the object. Vector is also often called container (container).
Definition and initialization of vector objects
vector<T> v1vector<T> v2(v1)vector<T> v2 = v1vector<T> v3(n, val)vector<T> v4(n)vector<T> v5{a,b,c...}vector<T> v5 = {a,b,c...}
List initialization vector object
vector<string> articles = {"a", "an", "the"};
The exact number in the vector object is not known until runtime:
string word;vector<string> text;while (cin >> word) { text.push_back(word); }
Vector objects can grow efficiently: Vector can add elements efficiently and quickly at runtime.
If the loop body contains statements that add elements to the vector object, you cannot use the range for loop.
push_back: Treat a value as the tail element of the vector object and "push" it to the "tail end (back)" of the vector object.
vector<int> v2;for(int i=0; i != 100; ++1) v2.push_back(i);
v.empty() v.size() v.push_back(t) v[n] //返回v中第n个位置上元素的引用v1 = v2v1 = {a,b,c...}v1 == v2v1 != v2 <, <=, >, >=
A general mechanism: implementation Use the subscript operator to access characters of a string object or elements of a vector object.
Similar to pointer types, it provides indirect access to objects.
//由编译器决定b、e的类型//b表示v的第一个元素,e表示v尾元素的下一个元素auto b = v.begin(), e = v.end(); //b、e类型相同
The iterator returned by the end member is often called the tail iterator ( off-the-end iterator), or tail iterator for short.
If the container is empty, begin and end return both tail iterators.
*iter 返回迭代器iter所指元素的引用iter->men 解引用iter并获取钙元素的名为mem的成员,等价于(*iter).mem++iter--iteriter1 == iter2iter1 != iter2rrree
//将字符串首字母改成大写string s("some string");if (s.begin() != s.end()) { auto it = s.begin(); *it = toupper(*it); }//将迭代器从一个元素移动到另一个元素,把字符串中第一个单词改为大写//注意,使用的是!=,而不是<for(auto it = s.begin(); it != s.end() && !isspace(*it); ++it) *it = toupper(*it);Reference: C Primer Fifth Edition
Chapter 2 IntroductionBuilt-in types, this chapter introduces Abstract data type library
. - Among them, string and vector are the two most important standard library types. The former supports variable-length strings, and the latter represents Variable-length collection
. - Another standard library type is iterator
Chapter 1 C: Function return value, GNU compiler command
###Chapter 2 C: Variables and basic types
The above is the detailed content of Chapter 3 C++: String, vector, and array. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!