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Detailed explanation of commonly used keywords and magic methods in PHP object-oriented

墨辰丷
墨辰丷Original
2018-05-26 11:07:32983browse

This article mainly introduces the detailed explanation of keywords and magic methods commonly used in PHP object-oriented. Friends who are interested can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

Commonly used keywords in PHP object-oriented

final

1.final cannot modify member attributes (this keyword is not used for constants in classes)

2.final can only modify classes and methods

Function:

Classes modified with final cannot be inherited by subclasses

Methods modified with final cannot be overridden by subclasses

It is used to restrict the class from being inherited. If the method is not overwritten, use final

<?php
//final修饰的类不能被继承
final class Person{
  var $name;
  var $age;
  var $sex;

  function __construct($name,$age,$sex){
    $this->name=$name;
    $this->age=$age;
    $this->sex=$sex;
  }

  function fun1(){
    echo $this->name;
  }
}

//Student类继承类用final修饰的Person类，所以会报错
class Student extends Person{
}

$stu=new Student("zs",20,"nan");

$stu->fun1();
?>

static (static keyword)

1. Use static to modify Member properties and member methods cannot modify the class

2. Member properties modified with static can be shared by all objects of the same class

3. Static data is data stored in memory segment (initializing the static segment)

4. Static data is allocated to memory when the class is loaded for the first time. When the class is used in the future, it is obtained directly from the data segment

5.What is a class loaded? As long as this class is used in the program (this class name appears)

6. Static methods (static modified methods) cannot access non-static members (static members can be accessed in non-static methods)

Because non-static members must be accessed using objects, $this is used to access internal members. Static methods do not need to be called with objects, so there is no object. $this cannot represent objects. Non-static Members must also use objects

If you are sure that non-static members are not used in a method, you can declare this method as a static method

Note: Static members must use class names To access, do not create objects, do not use objects to access

Class name::static member

If you use static members in a class, you can use self to represent this class

const

1. It can only modify member properties

2. Use const

to declare constant properties in the class 3.Access method Same as static member attributes (use class name::constant outside the class and self::constant inside the class)

4. Constants must be given initial values ​​when they are declared

<?php
//定义一个类“人们”
class Person{
  protected $name;
  protected $age;
  protected $sex;
  static $country="中国";
  //声明一个常量
  const RUN="走";

  //构造方法
  function __construct($name,$age,$sex){
    $this->name=$name;
    $this->age=$age;
    $this->sex=$sex;
  }

  function getCountry(){
    //如果在类中使用静态成员，可以使用self代表本类
    return self::$country;
  }

  function say(){
    echo "我的名字：{$this->name}，我的年龄：{$this->age}，我的性别：{$this->sex}。<br>";
  }

  protected function eat(){
    echo "吃饭！<br>";
  }

  function run(){
    //在类的内部使用常量 self::常量
    echo self::RUN."<br>";
  }

  //声明静态的方法
  static function hello(){
    echo "你好<br>";
  }
}

Magic methods commonly used in PHP object-oriented

__call()

Function: When calling a method that does not exist in the object, a system error will appear, and then the program will exit.

When to call automatically: It will be called automatically when calling a method that does not exist in an object

Handle some non-existent error calls

This method requires two Parameters

<?php
//定义一个类“人们”
class Person{
  protected $name;
  protected $age;
  protected $sex;
  static $country="中国";
  //声明一个常量
  const RUN="走";

  //构造方法
  function __construct($name,$age,$sex){
    $this->name=$name;
    $this->age=$age;
    $this->sex=$sex;
  }

  function getCountry(){
    //如果在类中使用静态成员，可以使用self代表本类
    return self::$country;
  }

  function say(){
    echo "我的名字：{$this->name}，我的年龄：{$this->age}，我的性别：{$this->sex}。<br>";
  }

  protected function eat(){
    echo "吃饭！<br>";
  }

  function run(){
    //在类的内部使用常量 self::常量
    echo self::RUN."<br>";
  }

  //处理一些不存在的错误调用
  //就会在调用一个对象中不存在的方法时就会自动调用
  function __call($methodName,$args){
    //$methodName调用不存在方法的方法名 $args里面的参数
    echo "你调用的方法{$methodName}（参数：";
    print_r($args);
    echo "）不存在<br>";
  }

  //声明静态的方法
  static function hello(){
    echo "你好<br>";
  }
}

$p=new Person("张三",20,"女");

$p->test(10,20,30);
$p->demo("aa","bb");
$p->say();
?>

__toString()

Automatically called when directly outputting an object reference , the fastest way to quickly obtain a string representation

<?php
//定义一个类“人们”
class Person{
  protected $name;
  protected $age;
  protected $sex;
  static $country="中国";
  //声明一个常量
  const RUN="走";

  //构造方法
  function __construct($name,$age,$sex){
    $this->name=$name;
    $this->age=$age;
    $this->sex=$sex;
  }

  function say(){
    echo "我的名字：{$this->name}，我的年龄：{$this->age}，我的性别：{$this->sex}。<br>";
  }

  function __toString(){
    return self::$country."<br>{$this->name}<br>{$this->age}<br>{$this->sex}<br>".self::RUN;
  }
}

$p=new Person("张三",21,"女");
echo $p;
?>

##__clone()

Clone objects are processed using clone()

Original (original object)

Copy (copied object)

__clone() is when cloning an object Automatically called method

As soon as an object is created, there must be an initialization action, which is similar to the constructor method __constuct

The $this keyword in the __clone() method represents It is a copy object, $that represents the original object

<?php
//定义一个类“人们”
class Person{
  var $name;
  protected $age;
  protected $sex;
  static $country="中国";
  //声明一个常量
  const RUN="走";

  //构造方法
  function __construct($name,$age,$sex){
    $this->name=$name;
    $this->age=$age;
    $this->sex=$sex;
  }

  function say(){
    echo "我的名字：{$this->name}，我的年龄：{$this->age}，我的性别：{$this->sex}。<br>";
  }

  function __clone(){
    $this->name="王五";
    $this->age=18;
    $this->sex="男";
  }

  function __destruct(){
    echo $this->name."<br>";
  }
}

$p=new Person("张三",21,"女");
$p->say();
//这并不能叫做克隆对象，因为在析构时只析构一次
/*$p1=$p;
$p1->name="李四";
$p1->say();*/

$p1= clone $p;
$p1->say();
?>

##__autoload()Note: Other magic methods are added to the class. This is the only method that is not added to the class.

As long as a class is used in the page, as long as the class name is used, it will automatically Pass this class name to this parameter 


<?php
function __autoload($className){
  include "./test/".$className.".class.php";
}

  $o=new One;
  $o->fun1();  

  $t=new Two;
  $t->fun2();

  $h=new Three;
  $h->fun3();

?>

File in test

one.class.php

<?php
class One{
  function fun1(){
    echo "The Class One<br>";
  }
}
?>

two.class.php

<?php
class Two{
  function fun2(){
    echo "The Class Two<br>";
  }
}
?>

three.class.php

<?php
class Three{
  function fun3(){
    echo "The Class Three<br>";
  }
}
?>

Object serialization (serialization): Convert an object into a binary string (the object is stored in memory and is easy to release)

Usage time: 1. When objects are stored in databases or files for a long time

2. When objects are transferred in multiple PHP files

serialize(); The parameter is an object, and what is returned is the serialized binary string

unserialize(); The parameter is the binary string of the object, and what is returned is the newly generated object

__sleep() is a method called during serialization

Function: It can partially serialize an object Serialization

As long as this method returns an array, several member properties in the array will be serialized. If this method is not added, all members will be serialized

__wakeup()

是在反序列化时调用的方法

也是对象重新诞生的过程

<?php
//定义一个类“人们”
class Person{
  var $name;
  protected $age;
  protected $sex;
  static $country="中国";
  //声明一个常量
  const RUN="走";

  //构造方法
  function __construct($name,$age,$sex){
    $this->name=$name;
    $this->age=$age;
    $this->sex=$sex;
  }

  function say(){
    echo "我的名字：{$this->name}，我的年龄：{$this->age}，我的性别：{$this->sex}。<br>";
  }

  function __clone(){
    $this->name="王五";
    $this->age=18;
    $this->sex="男";
  }

  //是在序列化时调用的方法，可以部分串行化对象
  function __sleep(){
    return array("name","age");
  }

  //是在反序列化时调用的方法，也是对象重新诞生的过程。可以改变里面的值
  function __wakeup(){
    $this->name="sanzhang";
    $this->age=$this->age+1;
  }

  function __destruct(){

  }
}
?>

read.php

<?php
  require "11.php";
  
  $str=file_get_contents("mess.txt");
  $p=unserialize($str);

  echo $p->say();
?>

write.php

<?php
  require "11.php";

  $p=new Person("张三",18,"男");

  $str=serialize($p);

  file_put_contents("mess.txt",$str);
?>

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。


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