经常,开发人员发现在PHP中使用这种数据结构对值或者数组元素进行排序非常有用。PHP提供了一些适合多种数组的排序函数,这些函数允许你在数组内部对元素进行排列,也允许用很多不同的方法对它们进行重新排序。在这篇文章中我们将讨论该排序中最重要的几个函数。
简单排序
首先,让我们来看看最简单的情况:将一个数组元素从低到高进行简单排序,这个函数既可以按数字大小排列也可以按字母顺序排列。PHP的sort()函数实现了这个功能,如Listing A所示:
Listing A
$data = array(5,8,1,7,2);
sort($data);
print_r($data);
?>
输出结果如下所示:
Array ([0] => 1
[1] => 2
[2] => 5
[3] => 7
[4] => 8
)
也能使用rsort()函数进行排序,它的结果与前面所使用的sort()简单排序结果相反。Rsort()函数对数组元素进行从高到低的倒排,同样可以按数字大小排列也可以按字母顺序排列。Listing B给我们展示了它的一个例子:
Listing B
?>
它的输出结果如下:
Array ([0] => 8
[1] => 7
[2] => 5
[3] => 2
[4] => 1
)
根据关键字排序
当我们使用数组的时候,经常根据关键字对数组重新排序,从高到低。Ksort()函数就是根据关键字进行排序的函数,同时,它在排序的过程中会保持关键字的相关性。Listing C就是一个例子:
Listing C
“United States”, “IN” => “India”, “DE” => “Germany”, “ES” => “Spain”);ksort($data); print_r($data);
?>
它的输出结果如下:
Array ([DE] => Germany
[ES] => Spain
[IN] => India
[US] => United States
)
Krsort()函数是根据关键字对数组进行倒排,Listing D就是这样的例子:
Listing D
“United States”, “IN” => “India”, “DE” => “Germany”, “ES” => “Spain”);krsort($data); print_r($data);
?>
它的输出结果如下:
Array ([US] => United States
[IN] => India
[ES] => Spain
[DE] => Germany
)
根据值排序
如果你想使用值排序来取代关键字排序的话,PHP也能满足你的要求。你只要使用asort()函数来代替先前提到的ksort()函数就可以了。如Listing E所示:
Listing E
“United States”, “IN” => “India”, “DE” => “Germany”, “ES” => “Spain”);asort($data); print_r($data);
?>
下面就是它的输出结果。请注意这个结果与上面使用ksort()函数所得到的结果的不同——在这两种情况中,都是按字母顺序进行排序的,但是它们是根据数组的不同字段进行排序的。
同时,请注意关键字-值之间的联系会始终保持;它只是关键字-值对排序后的一种方式,排序并不会改变它们的对应关系。
Array ([DE] => Germany
[IN] => India
[ES] => Spain
[US] => United States
)
现在,你肯定能猜到这种排序也可以进行倒排,它使用arsort()函数完成这个功能。Listing F就是一个例子:
Listing F
“United States”, “IN” => “India”, “DE” => “Germany”, “ES” => “Spain”);arsort($data); print_r($data);
?>
下面是它的输出结果,根据值按字母表顺序进行倒排。将下面的结果与用krsort()函数进行倒排后生成的结果进行比较,就能很容易明白两者的不同了。
Array ([US] => United States
[ES] => Spain
[IN] => India
[DE] => Germany
)
自然语言排序
PHP有一个非常独特的排序方式,这种方式使用认知而不是使用计算规则。这种特性称为自然语言排序,当创建模糊逻辑应用软件的时候这种排序方式非常有用。下面大家可以来看看它的一个简单例子,如Listing G所示:
Listing G
natsort($data); print_r($data);?>
它的输出结果如下:
Array ([0] => book-1
[1] => book-10
[2] => book-100
[3] => book-5
)
Array
(
[0] => book-1
[3] => book-5
[1] => book-10
[2] => book-100
)
它们的不同已经很清楚了:第二个排序结果更直观,更“人性化”,然而第一个则更符合算法规则,更具“计算机”特点。
自然语言能进行倒排吗?答案是肯定的!只要对natsort()的结果使用array_reverse()函数就可以了,Listing H就是一个简单例子:
Listing H
?>
下面是它的输出结果:
Array ([0] => book-100
[1] => book-10
[2] => book-5
[3] => book-1
)
根据用户自定义的规则排序
PHP也能让你定义自己的排序算法,你可以通过创建你自己的比较函数,并把它传递给usort()函数。如果第一个参数比第二个参数“小”的话,比较函数必须返回一个比0小的数,如果第一参数比第二个参数“大”的话,比较函数应该返回一个比0大的数。
Listing I就是这样的一个例子,在这个例子中根据它们的长度对数组元素进行排序,最短的项放在最前面:
Listing I
print_r($data); function sortByLen($a, $b) {
if (strlen($a) == strlen($b)) {
return 0;
} else {
return (strlen($a) > strlen($b)) ? 1 : -1;
}
}
?>
这样,就创建了我们自己的比较函数,这个函数使用strlen()函数比较每一个字符串的个数,然后分别返回1,0或-1.这个返回值是决定元素排列的基础。下面是它的输出结果:
Array ([0] => jay@zoo.tw
[1] => joe@host.com
[2] => john.doe@gh.co.uk
[3] => asmithsonian@us.info
)
自然语言排序
PHP有一个非常独特的排序方式,这种方式使用认知而不是使用计算规则。这种特性称为自然语言排序,当创建模糊逻辑应用软件的时候这种排序方式非常有用。下面大家可以来看看它的一个简单例子,如Listing G所示:
Listing G
natsort($data); print_r($data);?>
它的输出结果如下:
Array ([0] => book-1
[1] => book-10
[2] => book-100
[3] => book-5
)
Array
(
[0] => book-1
[3] => book-5
[1] => book-10
[2] => book-100
)
它们的不同已经很清楚了:第二个排序结果更直观,更“人性化”,然而第一个则更符合算法规则,更具“计算机”特点。
自然语言能进行倒排吗?答案是肯定的!只要对natsort()的结果使用array_reverse()函数就可以了,Listing H就是一个简单例子:
Listing H
?>
下面是它的输出结果:
Array ([0] => book-100
[1] => book-10
[2] => book-5
[3] => book-1
)
根据用户自定义的规则排序
PHP也能让你定义自己的排序算法,你可以通过创建你自己的比较函数,并把它传递给usort()函数。如果第一个参数比第二个参数“小”的话,比较函数必须返回一个比0小的数,如果第一参数比第二个参数“大”的话,比较函数应该返回一个比0大的数。
Listing I就是这样的一个例子,在这个例子中根据它们的长度对数组元素进行排序,最短的项放在最前面:
Listing I
print_r($data); function sortByLen($a, $b) {
if (strlen($a) == strlen($b)) {
return 0;
} else {
return (strlen($a) > strlen($b)) ? 1 : -1;
}
}
?>
这样,就创建了我们自己的比较函数,这个函数使用strlen()函数比较每一个字符串的个数,然后分别返回1,0或-1.这个返回值是决定元素排列的基础。下面是它的输出结果:
Array ([0] => jay@zoo.tw
[1] => joe@host.com
[2] => john.doe@gh.co.uk
[3] => asmithsonian@us.info
)
多维排序
最后,PHP也允许在多维数组上执行一些比较复杂的排序——例如,首先对一个嵌套数组使用一个普通的关键字进行排序,然后再根据另一个关键字进行排序。这与使用SQL的ORDER BY语句对多个字段进行排序非常相似。为了能更好的明白它是如何工作的,请仔细看Listing J所举的例子:
Listing J
1, “name” => “Boney M”, “rating” => 3),
array(“id” => 2, “name” => “Take That”, “rating” => 1),
array(“id” => 3, “name” => “The Killers”, “rating” => 4),
array(“id” => 4, “name” => “Lusain”, “rating” => 3),
); foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
$name[$key] = $value['name'];
$rating[$key] = $value['rating'];
}
array_multisort($rating, $name, $data); print_r($data);?>
这里,我们在$data数组中模拟了一个行和列数组。然后,我使用array_multisort()函数对数据集合进行重排,首先是根据rating进行排序,然后,如果rating相等的话,再根据name排序。它的输出结果如下:
Array ([0] => Array
(
[id] => 2
[name] => Take That
[rating] => 1
) [1] => Array
(
[id] => 1
[name] => Boney M
[rating] => 3
)
[2] => Array
(
[id] => 4
[name] => Lusain
[rating] => 3
)
[3] => Array
(
[id] => 3
[name] => The Killers
[rating] => 4
)
)
array_multisort()函数是PHP中最有用的函数之一,它有非常广泛的应用范围。另外,就如你在例子中所看到的,它能对多个不相关的数组进行排序,也可以使用其中的一个元素作为下次排序的基础,还可以对数据库结果集进行排序。
这些例子应该让你对PHP中各种数组排序函数的使用有了初步的了解,也向你展示了一些隐藏在PHP数组处理工具包的内部功能。

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