Home  >  Article  >  Backend Development  >  Detailed explanation of how python reads email data and downloads attachments

Detailed explanation of how python reads email data and downloads attachments

黄舟
黄舟Original
2017-08-03 15:41:104700browse

This article mainly introduces relevant information that explains in detail the examples of Python reading email data and downloading attachments. Here are implementation examples to help you learn and understand this part of the content. Friends who need it can refer to it

Detailed explanation of python implementation of reading email data and downloading attachments

Implementation result diagram:

Implementation code:


#!/usr/bin/python2.7
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_

"""
@Author: MarkLiu
"""

import poplib
import email
from email.parser import Parser
from email.header import decode_header
from email.utils import parseaddr


def decode_str(s):
  value, charset = decode_header(s)[0]
  if charset:
    value = value.decode(charset)
  return value


def guess_charset(msg):
  # 先从msg对象获取编码:
  charset = msg.get_charset()
  if charset is None:
    # 如果获取不到,再从Content-Type字段获取:
    content_type = msg.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
    pos = content_type.find('charset=')
    if pos >= 0:
      charset = content_type[pos + 8:].strip()
  return charset


def get_email_headers(msg):
  # 邮件的From, To, Subject存在于根对象上:
  headers = {}
  for header in ['From', 'To', 'Subject', 'Date']:
    value = msg.get(header, '')
    if value:
      if header == 'Date':
        headers['date'] = value
      if header == 'Subject':
        # 需要解码Subject字符串:
        subject = decode_str(value)
        headers['subject'] = subject
      else:
        # 需要解码Email地址:
        hdr, addr = parseaddr(value)
        name = decode_str(hdr)
        value = u&#39;%s <%s>&#39; % (name, addr)
        if header == &#39;From&#39;:
          from_address = value
          headers[&#39;from&#39;] = from_address
        else:
          to_address = value
          headers[&#39;to&#39;] = to_address
  content_type = msg.get_content_type()
  print &#39;head content_type: &#39;, content_type
  return headers


# indent用于缩进显示:
def get_email_cntent(message, base_save_path):
  j = 0
  content = &#39;&#39;
  attachment_files = []
  for part in message.walk():
    j = j + 1
    file_name = part.get_filename()
    contentType = part.get_content_type()
    # 保存附件
    if file_name: # Attachment
      # Decode filename
      h = email.Header.Header(file_name)
      dh = email.Header.decode_header(h)
      filename = dh[0][0]
      if dh[0][1]: # 如果包含编码的格式,则按照该格式解码
        filename = unicode(filename, dh[0][1])
        filename = filename.encode("utf-8")
      data = part.get_payload(decode=True)
      att_file = open(base_save_path + filename, &#39;wb&#39;)
      attachment_files.append(filename)
      att_file.write(data)
      att_file.close()
    elif contentType == &#39;text/plain&#39; or contentType == &#39;text/html&#39;:
      # 保存正文
      data = part.get_payload(decode=True)
      charset = guess_charset(part)
      if charset:
        charset = charset.strip().split(&#39;;&#39;)[0]
        print &#39;charset:&#39;, charset
        data = data.decode(charset)
      content = data
  return content, attachment_files


if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
  # 输入邮件地址, 口令和POP3服务器地址:
  emailaddress = &#39;xxxxxx@163.com&#39;
  # 注意使用开通POP,SMTP等的授权码
  password = &#39;xxxxxx&#39;
  pop3_server = &#39;pop.163.com&#39;

  # 连接到POP3服务器:
  server = poplib.POP3(pop3_server)
  # 可以打开或关闭调试信息:
  # server.set_debuglevel(1)
  # POP3服务器的欢迎文字:
  print server.getwelcome()
  # 身份认证:
  server.user(emailaddress)
  server.pass_(password)
  # stat()返回邮件数量和占用空间:
  messagesCount, messagesSize = server.stat()
  print &#39;messagesCount:&#39;, messagesCount
  print &#39;messagesSize:&#39;, messagesSize
  # list()返回所有邮件的编号:
  resp, mails, octets = server.list()
  print &#39;------ resp ------&#39;
  print resp # +OK 46 964346 响应的状态 邮件数量 邮件占用的空间大小
  print &#39;------ mails ------&#39;
  print mails # 所有邮件的编号及大小的编号list,[&#39;1 2211&#39;, &#39;2 29908&#39;, ...]
  print &#39;------ octets ------&#39;
  print octets

  # 获取最新一封邮件, 注意索引号从1开始:
  length = len(mails)
  for i in range(length):
    resp, lines, octets = server.retr(i + 1)
    # lines存储了邮件的原始文本的每一行,
    # 可以获得整个邮件的原始文本:
    msg_content = &#39;\n&#39;.join(lines)
    # 把邮件内容解析为Message对象:
    msg = Parser().parsestr(msg_content)

    # 但是这个Message对象本身可能是一个MIMEMultipart对象,即包含嵌套的其他MIMEBase对象,
    # 嵌套可能还不止一层。所以我们要递归地打印出Message对象的层次结构:
    print &#39;---------- 解析之后 ----------&#39;
    base_save_path = &#39;/media/markliu/Entertainment/email_attachments/&#39;
    msg_headers = get_email_headers(msg)
    content, attachment_files = get_email_cntent(msg, base_save_path)

    print &#39;subject:&#39;, msg_headers[&#39;subject&#39;]
    print &#39;from_address:&#39;, msg_headers[&#39;from&#39;]
    print &#39;to_address:&#39;, msg_headers[&#39;to&#39;]
    print &#39;date:&#39;, msg_headers[&#39;date&#39;]
    print &#39;content:&#39;, content
    print &#39;attachment_files: &#39;, attachment_files

  # 关闭连接:
  server.quit()

The above is the detailed content of Detailed explanation of how python reads email data and downloads attachments. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement:
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn