首先解释赋值操作符=的行为,看下面的例子:
$i = 0;
$j = $i;
$j = 0;
echo $j; // 打印输出0
$arr = array(0);
$arr2 = $arr;
$arr2[0] = 1;
echo $arr[0]; //打印输出0
class B
{
public $i = 0;
}
$b = new B();
$c = $b;
$c->i = 1;
echo($b->i); // 打印输出1
从这个例子可以看出,如果=操作符右边的变量为基本数据类型或者数组,那么=操作符把右边变量的一份拷贝赋值给左边变量;如果右边变量不是基本数据类型或者数组,如class,那么=会把一个指向右边变量的引用赋值给左边变量。注意:是指向右边变量的引用,而不是指向右边变量所指的内容区域的引用;具体看下边的例子
$a = new A();
$b_a = $a;
$b_r = &$a;
$b_a = null;
var_dump($a); //打印 object(A)[2],$a所指向的内容还在
$b_r = null;
var_dump($a); // 打印 null,$a所指向的内容被清除了
上面的例子也说明了,如果用 $var = &$a 的方式赋值的话,用$var=null来销毁变量$var的话事实上是把$var所指内容被设置null了,其实这句话也暗示了任何一个指向该内容区域的引用变量均可用来销毁该内容区域的内容。所以,要销毁变量$var的话用 unset($var) 。PS:事实上一这种方式赋值$var只是个引用,占用不了多少内存,要不要销毁没所谓,这里这是说下必须用unset的方式销毁。
下面则是《用户手册》中的“引用的解释”的例子:
$a =& $b;
下边有这么一句解释:
这意味着 $a 和 $b 指向了同一个变量。
注: $a 和 $b 在这里是完全相同的,这并不是 $a 指向了 $b 或者相反,而是 $a 和 $b 指向了同一个地方。
引用是什么?
在 PHP 中引用意味着用不同的名字访问同一个变量内容。这并不像 C 的指针,替代的是,引用是符号表别名。注意在 PHP 中,变量名和变量内容是不一样的,因此同样的内容可以有不同的名字。最接近的比喻是 Unix 的文件名和文件本身――变量名是目录条目,而变量内容则是文件本身。引用可以被看作是 Unix 文件系统中的紧密连接。
关于“引用是什么”的一点解释:
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int *p = &i;
p = &j;
上面的代码中,p是一个指向i的内存地址的指针,而*p才是其中的内容;p=&j指向改变了p指针的指向,用*p=111的表达式才会改变i的内容。而PHP中则不是,下面的例子
$i = 0;
$p = &$i;
$p = 111则马上会改变$i的值。

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP makes it easy to create interactive web content. 1) Dynamically generate content by embedding HTML and display it in real time based on user input or database data. 2) Process form submission and generate dynamic output to ensure that htmlspecialchars is used to prevent XSS. 3) Use MySQL to create a user registration system, and use password_hash and preprocessing statements to enhance security. Mastering these techniques will improve the efficiency of web development.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.