As IE8 gradually withdraws from the stage, many advanced CSS features have been natively supported by browsers, and they will become obsolete if they are not learned.
Use :empty
to distinguish empty elements
兼容性:不支持 IE8
Demo
Suppose we have the above list:
a
b
We hope to treat empty elements and non-empty elements differently , then there are two options.
Use
:empty
to select empty elements:
.item:empty {
display: none;
}
Or use
:not(:empty)
Select non-empty elements:
.item:not(:empty) {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
/* ... */
}
Use :*-Of-Type
to select elements
兼容性:不支持 IE8
Example.
Bold the first p paragraph:
p:first-of-type {
font-weight: bold;
}
Add a border to the last img:
img:last-of-type {
border: 10px solid #ccc;
}
Add a style to the unconnected blockquote:
blockquote:only-of-type {
border-left: 5px solid #ccc;
padding-left: 2em;
}
Let the p paragraph in the odd column die red first:
p:nth-of-type(even) {
color: red;
}
In addition,
:nth-of-type
can also have other types of parameters:
/* an even number*/
:nth-of-type(even)
/* only the third one*/
:nth-of-type(3)
/* Every third */
:nth-of-type(3n)
/* Every fourth plus Three, namely 3, 7, 11, ... */
:nth-of-type(4n+3)
Use calc
for flow layout
兼容性:不支持 IE8
Demo
Flow layout of left, middle and right:
nav {
position: fixed;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 5rem;
height: 100%;
}
aside {
position: fixed;
right: 0;
top: 0;
width: 20rem;
height: 100%;
}
main {
margin-left: 5rem;
width: calc(100% - 25rem);
}
Use vw
and vh
to create a full-screen scrolling effect
兼容性:不支持 IE8
Demo
vw
and
vh
are relative to viewport, so they will not change with the content and layout Change with change.
section {
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
text-align: center;
background-size: cover;
background-repeat : no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
}
section:nth-of-type(1) {
background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1068');
}
section:nth-of-type(2 ) {
background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1073');
}
section:nth-of-type(3) {
background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1047');
}
section:nth-of-type(4) {
background-image : url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1032');
}
body {
margin: 0;
}
p {
color: #fff;
font-size: 100px;
font-family: monospace;
}
用 unset
做 CSS Reset
兼容性:不支持 IE
Demo
body {
color: red;
}
button {
color: white;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}
/* 取消 section 中 button 的 color 设置 */
section button {
color: unset;
}
用 column
做响应式的列布局
兼容性:不支持 IE9
Demo
nav {
column-count: 4;
column-width: 150px;
column-gap: 3rem;
column-rule: 1px dashed #ccc;
column-fill: auto;
}
h2 {
column-span: all;
}
(完)
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