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HomeWeb Front-endH5 TutorialHTML5 的自定义 data-* 属性和jquery的data()方法的使用

人们总喜欢往HTML标签上添加自定义属性来存储和操作数据。但这样做的问题是,你不知道将来会不会有其它脚本把你的自定义属性给重置掉,此外,你这样做也会导致html语法上不符合Html规范,以及一些其它副作用。这就是为什么在HTML5规范里增加了一个自定义data属性,你可以拿它做很多有用的事情。 

你可以去读一下HTML5的详细规范,但这个自定义data属性的用法非常的简单,就是你可以往HTML标签上添加任意以 "data-"开头的属性,这些属性页面上是不显示的,它不会影响到你的页面布局和风格,但它却是可读可写的。 

下面的一个代码片段是一个有效的HTML5标记: 

<p id="awesome" 
data-myid="3e4ae6c4e">Some awesome data</p>

可是,怎么来读取这些数据呢?你当然可以遍历页面元素来读取你想要的属性,但jquery已经内置了方法来操作这些属性。使用jQuery的.data()方法来访问这些"data-*" 属性。其中一个方法就是 .data(obj),这个方法是在 jQuery1.4.3版本后出现的,它能返回相应的data属性。 

举个例子,你可以用下面的写法读取 data-myid属性值: 

var myid= jQuery("#awesome").data(&#39;myid&#39;); 
console.log(myid);

你还可以在"data-*" 属性里使用json语法,例如,如果你写出下面的html: 

<p id="awesome-json" data-awesome=&#39;{"game":"on"}&#39;></p>

你可以通过js直接访问这个数据,通过json的key值,你能得到相应的value: 

var gameStatus= jQuery("#awesome-json").data(&#39;awesome&#39;).game; 
console.log(gameStatus);

你也可以通过.data(key,value)方法直接给"data-*" 属性赋值。一个重要的你要注意的事情是,这些"data-*" 属性应该和它所在的元素有一定的关联,不要把它当成存放任意东西的存储工具。 

补充:尽管"data-*" 是HTML5才出现的属性,但jquery是通用的,所以,在非HTML5的页面或浏览器里,你仍然可以使用.data(obj)方法来操作"data-*" 数据

以上就是HTML5 的自定义 data-* 属性和jquery的data()方法的使用的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

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