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js for loop output i is the same value problem

高洛峰Original: 2017-03-01 16:11:362109browse

1. I recently encountered a problem during development, why is the output always 5, instead of clicking on each p, the corresponding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will be alerted.

The code is as follows:

<html>  
<head>  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />  
<title>闭包演示</title> 
</head>  
<body>  
<p>1</p>  
<p>2</p>  
<p>3</p>  
<p>4</p>  
<p>5</p> 
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload=function() {  
 var ps = document.getElementsByTagName("p");  
 for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {  
   ps[i].onclick = function() {  
   alert(i);  
 }  
 }  
}  
</script> 
</body>  
</html>

At this time, click on any p and the pop-up will be 5

Reason: js event processor will not run during the idle time of the thread, resulting in the final run time What is output is the last value of i, that is: 5

2. Solution: Use closure to protect the value of variable i.

//sava1:加一层闭包，i以函数参数形式传递给内层函数 
 for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {  
 (function(arg){   
  ps[i].onclick = function() {   
   alert(arg);  
  };  
 })(i);//调用时参数  
 } 


//save2:加一层闭包，i以局部变量形式传递给内存函数 
 for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {  
 (function () {  
  var temp = i;//调用时局部变量  
  ps[i].onclick = function() {  
  alert(temp);  
  }  
 })();  
 }


//save3:加一层闭包，返回一个函数作为响应事件（注意与3的细微区别） 
 for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {  
 ps[i].onclick = function(arg) {  
  return function() {//返回一个函数  
  alert(arg);  
  }  
 }(i);  
 } 


//save4:将变量 i 保存给在每个段落对象（p）上  
 for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {  
  ps[i].i = i;  
  ps[i].onclick = function() {  
  alert(this.i);  
  }  
 }


//save5:将变量 i 保存在匿名函数自身  
 for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {  
 (ps[i].onclick = function() {  
  alert(arguments.callee.i);  
 }).i = i;  
 }   
} 


//save6:用Function实现，实际上每产生一个函数实例就会产生一个闭包
 for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {  
  ps[i].onclick = new Function("alert(" + i + ");");//new一次就产生一个函数实例 
 } 


//save7:用Function实现，注意与6的区别  
 for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {  
   ps[i].onclick = Function(&#39;alert(&#39;+i+&#39;)&#39;); 
 }

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