1. I recently encountered a problem during development, why is the output always 5, instead of clicking on each p, the corresponding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will be alerted.
The code is as follows:
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>闭包演示</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>1</p>
<p>2</p>
<p>3</p>
<p>4</p>
<p>5</p>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload=function() {
var ps = document.getElementsByTagName("p");
for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {
ps[i].onclick = function() {
alert(i);
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
At this time, click on any p and the pop-up will be 5
Reason: js event processor will not run during the idle time of the thread, resulting in the final run time What is output is the last value of i, that is: 5
2. Solution: Use closure to protect the value of variable i.
//sava1:加一层闭包，i以函数参数形式传递给内层函数
for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {
(function(arg){
ps[i].onclick = function() {
alert(arg);
};
})(i);//调用时参数
}
//save2:加一层闭包，i以局部变量形式传递给内存函数
for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {
(function () {
var temp = i;//调用时局部变量
ps[i].onclick = function() {
alert(temp);
}
})();
}
//save3:加一层闭包，返回一个函数作为响应事件（注意与3的细微区别）
for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {
ps[i].onclick = function(arg) {
return function() {//返回一个函数
alert(arg);
}
}(i);
}
//save4:将变量 i 保存给在每个段落对象（p）上
for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {
ps[i].i = i;
ps[i].onclick = function() {
alert(this.i);
}
}
//save5:将变量 i 保存在匿名函数自身
for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {
(ps[i].onclick = function() {
alert(arguments.callee.i);
}).i = i;
}
}
//save6:用Function实现，实际上每产生一个函数实例就会产生一个闭包
for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {
ps[i].onclick = new Function("alert(" + i + ");");//new一次就产生一个函数实例
}
//save7:用Function实现，注意与6的区别
for( var i=0; i<ps.length; i++ ) {
ps[i].onclick = Function('alert('+i+')');
}
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