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Summary of six implementation methods of JSDOMReady event

高洛峰
高洛峰Original
2017-01-04 15:56:191738browse

在实际应用中,我们经常会遇到这样的场景,当页面加载完成后去做一些事情:绑定事件、DOM操作某些结点等。

原来比较常用的是window的onload 事件,而该事件的实际效果是:当页面解析/DOM树建立完成,并完成了诸如图片、脚本、样式表甚至是iframe中所有资源的下载后才触发的。

这对于很多实际的应用而言有点太“迟”了,比较影响用户体验。

为了解决这个问题,ff中便增加了一个DOMContentLoaded方法,与onload相比,该方法触发的时间更早,它是在页面的DOM内容加载完成后即触发,而无需等待其他资源的加载。

Webkit引擎从版本525(Webkit nightly 1/2008:525+)开始也引入了该事件,Opera中也包含该方法。到目前为止主流的IE仍然没有要添加的意思。

虽然IE下没有,但总是有解决办法的,下文对比了一下几大主流框架对于该事件的兼容性版本实现方案,涉及的框架包括: 

1. Prototype 
2. jQeury 
3. moontools 
4. dojo 
5. yui 
6. ext

一、Prototype

实现代码

(function() {
 
var timer;
 
function fireContentLoadedEvent() {
 
if (document.loaded) return;
 
if (timer) window.clearInterval(timer);
 
document.fire("dom:loaded");
 
document.loaded = true;
 
}
 
if (document.addEventListener) {
 
if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit) {
 
timer = window.setInterval(function() {
 
if (/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState))
 
fireContentLoadedEvent();
 
}, 0);
 
Event.observe(window, "load", fireContentLoadedEvent);
 
} else {
 
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",
 
fireContentLoadedEvent, false);
 
}
 
} else {
 
document.write("<"+"script id=__onDOMContentLoaded defer src=//:><\/script>");
 
$("__onDOMContentLoaded").onreadystatechange = function() {
 
if (this.readyState == "complete") {
 
this.onreadystatechange = null;
 
fireContentLoadedEvent();
 
}
 
};
 
}
 
})();

实现思路如下:

如果是webkit则轮询document的readyState属性,如果该属性的值为loaded或complete则触发DOMContentLoaded事件,为保险起见,将该事件注册到window.onload上。

如果是FF则直接注册DOMContentLoaded事件。

如果是IE则使用document.write往页面中加入一个script元素,并设置defer属性,最后是把该脚本的加载完成视作DOMContentLoaded事件来触发。

该实现方式的问题主要有两点:第一、通过document.write写script并设置defer的方法在页面包含iframe的情况下,会等到 iframe内的内容加载完后才触发,这与onload没有太大的区别;第二、Webkit在525以上的版本引入了DOMContentLoaded方法,因此在这些版本中无需再通过轮询来实现,可以优化。

二、jQuery

function bindReady(){
 
if ( readyBound ) return;
 
readyBound = true;
 
// Mozilla, Opera and webkit nightlies currently support this event
 
if ( document.addEventListener ) {
 
// Use the handy event callback
 
document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function(){
 
document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", arguments.callee, false );
 
jQuery.ready();
 
}, false );
 
// If IE event model is used
 
} else if ( document.attachEvent ) {
 
// ensure firing before onload,
 
// maybe late but safe also for iframes
 
document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", function(){
 
if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
 
document.detachEvent( "onreadystatechange", arguments.callee );
 
jQuery.ready();
 
}
 
});
 
// If IE and not an iframe
 
// continually check to see if the document is ready
 
if ( document.documentElement.doScroll && typeof window.frameElement === "undefined" ) (function(){
 
if ( jQuery.isReady ) return;
 
try {
 
// If IE is used, use the trick by Diego Perini
 
// http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
 
document.documentElement.doScroll("left");
 
} catch( error ) {
 
setTimeout( arguments.callee, 0 );
 
return;
 
}
 
// and execute any waiting functions
 
jQuery.ready();
 
})();
 
}
 
// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
 
jQuery.event.add( window, "load", jQuery.ready );
 
}

实现思路如下:

将Webkit与Firefox同等对待,都是直接注册DOMContentLoaded事件,但是由于Webkit是在525以上版本才引入的,因此存在兼容性的隐患。

对于IE,首先注册document的onreadystatechange事件,经测试,该方式与window.onload相当,依然会等到所有资源下载完毕后才触发。

之后,判断如果是IE并且页面不在iframe当中,则通过setTiemout来不断的调用documentElement的doScroll方法,直到调用成功则

出触发DOMContentLoaded

jQuery对于IE的解决方案,使用了一种新的方法,该方法源自http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/。它的原理是,在IE下,DOM的某些方法只有在DOM解析完成后才可以调用,doScroll就是这样一个方法,反过来当能调用doScroll的时候即是DOM解析完成之时,与prototype中的document.write相比,该方案可以解决页面有iframe时失效的问题。此外,jQuery 似乎担心当页面处于iframe中时,该方法会失效,因此实现代码中做了判断,如果是在iframe中则通过document的 onreadystatechange来实现,否则通过doScroll来实现。不过经测试,即使是在iframe中,doScroll依然有效。

三、Moontools

(function(){
  
var domready = function(){
  
if (Browser.loaded) return;
  
Browser.loaded = true;
  
window.fireEvent(&#39;domready&#39;);
  
document.fireEvent(&#39;domready&#39;);
  
};
  
if (Browser.Engine.trident){
  
var temp = document.createElement_x(&#39;div&#39;);
  
(function(){
  
($try(function(){
  
temp.doScroll(&#39;left&#39;);
  
return $(temp).inject(document.body).set(&#39;html&#39;, &#39;temp&#39;).dispose();
  
})) ? domready() : arguments.callee.delay(50);
  
})();
  
} else if (Browser.Engine.webkit && Browser.Engine.version < 525){
  
(function(){
  
([&#39;loaded&#39;, &#39;complete&#39;].contains(document.readyState)) ? domready() : arguments.callee.delay(50);
  
})();
  
} else {
  
window.addEvent(&#39;load&#39;, domready);
  
document.addEvent(&#39;DOMContentLoaded&#39;, domready);
  
}
  
})();

四、Dojo

// START DOMContentLoaded
  
// Mozilla and Opera 9 expose the event we could use
  
if(document.addEventListener){
  
// NOTE:
  
// due to a threading issue in Firefox 2.0, we can&#39;t enable
  
// DOMContentLoaded on that platform. For more information, see:
  
// http://trac.dojotoolkit.org/ticket/1704
  
if(dojo.isOpera || dojo.isFF >= 3 || (dojo.isMoz && dojo.config.enableMozDomContentLoaded === true)){
  
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", dojo._loadInit, null);
  
}
  
// mainly for Opera 8.5, won&#39;t be fired if DOMContentLoaded fired already.
  
// also used for Mozilla because of trac #1640
  
window.addEventListener("load", dojo._loadInit, null);
  
}
  
if(dojo.isAIR){
  
window.addEventListener("load", dojo._loadInit, null);
  
}else if(/(WebKit|khtml)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ // sniff
  
dojo._khtmlTimer = setInterval(function(){
  
if(/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState)){
  
dojo._loadInit(); // call the onload handler
  
}
  
}, 10);
  
}
  
// END DOMContentLoaded
  
}
  
(function(){
  
var _w = window;
  
var _handleNodeEvent = function(evtName, fp){
  
// summary:
  
// non-destructively adds the specified function to the node&#39;s
  
// evtName handler.
  
// evtName: should be in the form "onclick" for "onclick" handlers.
  
// Make sure you pass in the "on" part.
  
var oldHandler = _w[evtName] || function(){};
  
_w[evtName] = function(){
  
fp.apply(_w, arguments);
  
oldHandler.apply(_w, arguments);
  
};
  
};
  
if(dojo.isIE){
  
// for Internet Explorer. readyState will not be achieved on init
  
// call, but dojo doesn&#39;t need it however, we&#39;ll include it
  
// because we don&#39;t know if there are other functions added that
  
// might. Note that this has changed because the build process
  
// strips all comments -- including conditional ones.
  
if(!dojo.config.afterOnLoad){
  
document.write(&#39;<scr&#39;+&#39;ipt defer="" src="//:" +="" onreadystatechange="if(this.readyState==\&#39;complete\&#39;){&#39; + 
  
dojo._scopeName + &#39;._loadInit();}">&#39;
  
+ &#39;</scr&#39;+&#39;ipt>&#39;
  
);
  
}
  
try{
  
document.namespaces.add("v","urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml");
  
document.createStyleSheet().addRule("v\\:*", "behavior:url(#default#VML)");
  
}catch(e){}
  
}
  
// FIXME: dojo.unloaded requires dojo scope, so using anon function wrapper.
  
_handleNodeEvent("onbeforeunload", function() { dojo.unloaded(); });
  
_handleNodeEvent("onunload", function() { dojo.windowUnloaded(); });
  
})();

实现思路如下:

如果是Opera或FF3以上版本则直接注册DOMContentLoaded<事件,为保险起见,同时也注册了window.onload事件。

对于webkit则通过轮询document.readyState来实现。

如果是Air则只注册widnow.onload事件。

如果是IE则通过往页面写带defer属性的script并注册其onreadystatechange事件来实现。

Dojo在IE下的实现方案同样无法解决iframe的问题,而由于在FF2 下会有一个非常奇怪的Bug,因此默认只在FF3以上版本上使用DOMContentLoaded事件,同时又给了一个配置 -dojo.config.enableMozDomContentLoaded,如果在FF下将该配置设置为true则依然会使用 DOMContentLoaded来实现,这一点充分考虑到了灵活性。对于webkit的实现,与prototype一样有优化的空间。

五、YUI

// Internet Explorer: use the readyState of a defered script.
  
// This isolates what appears to be a safe moment to manipulate
  
// the DOM prior to when the document&#39;s readyState suggests
  
// it is safe to do so.
  
if (EU.isIE) {
  
// Process onAvailable/onContentReady items when the
  
// DOM is ready.
  
YAHOO.util.Event.onDOMReady(
  
YAHOO.util.Event._tryPreloadAttach,
  
YAHOO.util.Event, true);
  
var n = document.createElement_x(&#39;p&#39;);
  
EU._dri = setInterval(function() {
  
try {
  
// throws an error if doc is not ready
  
n.doScroll(&#39;left&#39;);
  
clearInterval(EU._dri);
  
EU._dri = null;
  
EU._ready();
  
n = null;
  
} catch (ex) {
  
}
  
}, EU.POLL_INTERVAL);
  
// The document&#39;s readyState in Safari currently will
  
// change to loaded/complete before images are loaded.
  
} else if (EU.webkit && EU.webkit < 525) {
  
EU._dri = setInterval(function() {
  
var rs=document.readyState;
  
if ("loaded" == rs || "complete" == rs) {
  
clearInterval(EU._dri);
  
EU._dri = null;
  
EU._ready();
  
}
  
}, EU.POLL_INTERVAL);
  
// FireFox and Opera: These browsers provide a event for this
  
// moment. The latest WebKit releases now support this event.
  
} else {
  
EU._simpleAdd(document, "DOMContentLoaded", EU._ready);
  
}
  
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
EU._simpleAdd(window, "load", EU._load);
  
EU._simpleAdd(window, "unload", EU._unload);
  
EU._tryPreloadAttach();
  
})();

实现思路与Moontools一样

六、EXT

function initDocReady(){
  
var COMPLETE = "complete";
  
docReadyEvent = new Ext.util.Event();
  
if (Ext.isGecko || Ext.isOpera) {
  
DOC.addEventListener(DOMCONTENTLOADED, fireDocReady, false);
  
} else if (Ext.isIE){
  
DOC.write("<s"+&#39;cript id=" + IEDEFERED + " defer="defer" src="/&#39;+&#39;/:"></s"+&#39;cript>");
  
DOC.getElementById(IEDEFERED).onreadystatechange = function(){
  
if(this.readyState == COMPLETE){
  
fireDocReady();
  
}
  
};
  
} else if (Ext.isWebKit){
  
docReadyProcId = setInterval(function(){
  
if(DOC.readyState == COMPLETE) {
  
fireDocReady();
  
}
  
}, 10);
  
}
  
// no matter what, make sure it fires on load
  
E.on(WINDOW, "load", fireDocReady);
  
};

实现思路与Dojo的一致,不再赘诉。

总结

总结各大主流框架的做法,写了以下这个版本。主要是尽量的做到优化并考虑到FF2下的Bug,提供一个是否使用DOMContentLoaded的开关配置。

function onDOMContentLoaded(onready,config){
  
//浏览器检测相关对象,在此为节省代码未实现,实际使用时需要实现。
  
//var Browser = {};
  
//设置是否在FF下使用DOMContentLoaded(在FF2下的特定场景有Bug)
  
this.conf = {enableMozDOMReady:true};
  
if( config )
  
for( var p in config)
  
this.conf[p] = config[p];
  
var isReady = false;
  
function doReady(){
  
if( isReady ) return;
  
//确保onready只执行一次
  
isReady = true;
  
onready();
  
}
  
  
if( Browser.ie ){
  
(function(){
  
if ( isReady ) return;
  
try {
  
document.documentElement.doScroll("left");
  
} catch( error ) {
  
setTimeout( arguments.callee, 0 );
  
return;
  
}
  
doReady();
  
})();
  
window.attachEvent(&#39;onload&#39;,doReady);
  
}
  
  
else if (Browser.webkit && Browser.version < 525){
  
(function(){
  
if( isReady ) return;
  
if (/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState))
  
doReady();
  
else
  
setTimeout( arguments.callee, 0 );
  
})();
  
window.addEventListener(&#39;load&#39;,doReady,false);
  
}
  
  
else{
  
if( !Browser.ff || Browser.version != 2 || this.conf.enableMozDOMReady)
  
document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function(){
  
document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", arguments.callee, false );
  
doReady();
  
}, false );
  
window.addEventListener(&#39;load&#39;,doReady,false);
  
}
  
}

以上这篇JS DOMReady事件的六种实现方法总结就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持PHP中文网。

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