C# 事件(Event)
事件(Event) 基本上说是一个用户操作,如按键、点击、鼠标移动等等,或者是一些出现,如系统生成的通知。应用程序需要在事件发生时响应事件。例如,中断。事件是用于进程间通信。
通过事件使用委托
事件在类中声明且生成,且通过使用同一个类或其他类中的委托与事件处理程序关联。包含事件的类用于发布事件。这被称为 发布器(publisher) 类。其他接受该事件的类被称为 订阅器(subscriber) 类。事件使用 发布-订阅(publisher-subscriber) 模型。
发布器(publisher) 是一个包含事件和委托定义的对象。事件和委托之间的联系也定义在这个对象中。发布器(publisher)类的对象调用这个事件,并通知其他的对象。
订阅器(subscriber) 是一个接受事件并提供事件处理程序的对象。在发布器(publisher)类中的委托调用订阅器(subscriber)类中的方法(事件处理程序)。
声明事件(Event)
在类的内部声明事件,首先必须声明该事件的委托类型。例如:
public delegate void BoilerLogHandler(string status);
然后,声明事件本身,使用 event 关键字:
// 基于上面的委托定义事件 public event BoilerLogHandler BoilerEventLog;
上面的代码定义了一个名为 BoilerLogHandler 的委托和一个名为 BoilerEventLog 的事件,该事件在生成的时候会调用委托。
实例 1
using System; namespace SimpleEvent { using System; public class EventTest { private int value; public delegate void NumManipulationHandler(); public event NumManipulationHandler ChangeNum; protected virtual void OnNumChanged() { if (ChangeNum != null) { ChangeNum(); } else { Console.WriteLine("Event fired!"); } } public EventTest(int n ) { SetValue(n); } public void SetValue(int n) { if (value != n) { value = n; OnNumChanged(); } } } public class MainClass { public static void Main() { EventTest e = new EventTest(5); e.SetValue(7); e.SetValue(11); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Event Fired! Event Fired! Event Fired!
实例 2
本实例提供一个简单的用于热水锅炉系统故障排除的应用程序。当维修工程师检查锅炉时,锅炉的温度和压力会随着维修工程师的备注自动记录到日志文件中。
using System; using System.IO; namespace BoilerEventAppl { // boiler 类 class Boiler { private int temp; private int pressure; public Boiler(int t, int p) { temp = t; pressure = p; } public int getTemp() { return temp; } public int getPressure() { return pressure; } } // 事件发布器 class DelegateBoilerEvent { public delegate void BoilerLogHandler(string status); // 基于上面的委托定义事件 public event BoilerLogHandler BoilerEventLog; public void LogProcess() { string remarks = "O. K"; Boiler b = new Boiler(100, 12); int t = b.getTemp(); int p = b.getPressure(); if(t > 150 || t < 80 || p < 12 || p > 15) { remarks = "Need Maintenance"; } OnBoilerEventLog("Logging Info:\n"); OnBoilerEventLog("Temparature " + t + "\nPressure: " + p); OnBoilerEventLog("\nMessage: " + remarks); } protected void OnBoilerEventLog(string message) { if (BoilerEventLog != null) { BoilerEventLog(message); } } } // 该类保留写入日志文件的条款 class BoilerInfoLogger { FileStream fs; StreamWriter sw; public BoilerInfoLogger(string filename) { fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write); sw = new StreamWriter(fs); } public void Logger(string info) { sw.WriteLine(info); } public void Close() { sw.Close(); fs.Close(); } } // 事件订阅器 public class RecordBoilerInfo { static void Logger(string info) { Console.WriteLine(info); }//end of Logger static void Main(string[] args) { BoilerInfoLogger filelog = new BoilerInfoLogger("e:\\boiler.txt"); DelegateBoilerEvent boilerEvent = new DelegateBoilerEvent(); boilerEvent.BoilerEventLog += new DelegateBoilerEvent.BoilerLogHandler(Logger); boilerEvent.BoilerEventLog += new DelegateBoilerEvent.BoilerLogHandler(filelog.Logger); boilerEvent.LogProcess(); Console.ReadLine(); filelog.Close(); }//end of main }//end of RecordBoilerInfo }
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Logging info: Temperature 100 Pressure 12 Message: O. K
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