<?php $var_name = "苹果"; $n =10; var_dump($var_name);var_dump($n);?>
赋值语句;”var_dump”函数可以将我们的变量的数据类型显示出来。
在变量中,由于变量占用的空间单元不一样,也分成几种数据类型,就像超市商品的包装袋,有几种不同类型,不同的商品使用不同的包装袋。我们可以通过使用“memory_get_usage”获取当前PHP消耗的内存。
在PHP中,支持8种原始类型,其中包括四种标量类型、两种复合类型和两种特殊类型。PHP是一门松散类型的语言,不必向PHP声明变量的数据类型,PHP会自动把变量转换为自动的数据类型,一定程度降低了学习PHP的门槛。如果接触过C语言或者JAVA语言,就会发现在声明变量的时候需要声明变量的数据类型。
在php中使用Boolean变量是需要注意的是,当我们用”echo”指令输出布尔类型时,如果是“true”则输出的是“1”,“false”则什么也不输出。我们可以使用“var_dump”函数,获取它真正的数据类型。比如:
<?php $man = "男"; $flag = $man == "男"; echo $flag ; echo "<br />" ; var_dump($flag); ?>
虽然使用”echo”指令输出结果为1,而“var_dump”给我们表明了“$flag”为布尔类型的身份。
当你的字符串中包含引号的时候,我们怎么办?有三种 方案:
第一种方案:在单引号中嵌入双引号;
第二种方案:在双引号中嵌入单引号;
第三种方案:使用转义符“\”。
当输出语句中包含变量名时:
当双引号中包含变量时,变量会与双引号中的内容连接在一起;
当单引号中包含变量时,变量会被当做字符串输出。
如:
<?php $love = "I love you!"; $string1 = "cenzi,$love"; $string2 = 'cenzi,$love'; echo $string1; echo "<br />"; echo $string2; ?>
输出为:
cenzi,I love you!
cenzi,$love
当我的字符串很长怎么办?
我们可以使用Heredoc结构形式的方法来解决该问题,首先使用定界符表示字符串,接着在之后提供一个标识符GOD,然后是字符串,最后以提供的这个标识符结束字符串。其中表示符可以自己定义,但是必须前后一致。结尾标识符一定要另起一行,并且此行除了“GOD”,并以“;”号结束之外,不能有任何其他字符,前后都不能有,包括空格,否则会出现错误。
第一种特殊类型—资源
资源(resource):资源是由专门的函数来建立和使用的,例如打开文件、数据连接、图形画布。我们可以对资源进行操作(创建、使用和释放)。任何资源,在不需要的时候应该被及时释放。如果我们忘记了释放资源,系统自动启用垃圾回收机制,在页面执行完毕后回收资源,以避免内存被消耗殆尽。假设在服务器上,你发现了一个文件,想看看里面写了啥。PHP可以做到!。假设服务器上有个文件为“f.txt”,这时候,我们就需要用到资源这种特殊的数据类型。以下测试的前提是你有了("/data/webroot/resource/php/f.txt")路径下的文件。注意:f.txt文本文件保存时一定要设置为UTF-8格式,避免出现乱码。
<?php //首先采用“fopen”函数打开文件,得到返回值的就是资源类型。 $file_handle = fopen("/data/webroot/resource/php/f.txt","r"); if ($file_handle){ //接着采用while循环一行行地读取文件,然后输出每行的文字 while (!feof($file_handle)) { //判断是否到最后一行 $line = fgets($file_handle); //读取一行文本 echo $line; //输出一行文本 echo "<br />"; //换行 } } fclose($file_handle);//关闭文件 ?>
第二种特殊类型—空类型
NULL(NULL):NULL是空类型,对大小写不敏感,NULL类型只有一个取值,表示一个变量没有值,当被赋值为NULL,或者尚未被赋值,或者被unset()(注销定义),这三种情况下变量被认为为NULL。
以上就是php基本语法及基本数据结构(一)的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

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