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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialDetailed explanation and example code of python queue

队列特性:先进先出(FIFO)——先进队列的元素先出队列。来源于我们生活中的队列(先排队的先办完事)。

Queue模块最常与threading模块一起构成生产-消费者模型,提供了一个适用于多线程编程的先进先出的数据结构,即队列。

该模块源码中包含5个类:

其中,Empty和Full是两个异常类,当队列的Queue.get(block=0)或者调用get_nowait()时,如果队列为空,则抛EmptyException异常。

   同理,当队列的Queue.put(block=0)或者调用put_nowait()时,如果队列为达到maxsize,则抛FullException异常。

其他三个类:

Queue类:典型的队列模型,FIFO先入先出。  class Queue.Queue(maxsize)     maxsize为队列长度,指明了队列中能存放的数据个数的上限。一旦达到上限,插入会导致阻                                                                                                                塞,

直到队列中的数据被消费掉。如果maxsize小于或者等于0,队列大小没有限制。

LifoQueue类:继承自Queue,类似于堆栈,先入后出。  class Queue.LifoQueue(maxsize)

PriorityQueue类:继承自Queue,优先级队列,级别越低越先出来。  class Queue.PriorityQueue(maxsize)

所以,只要搞定Queue类,就基本搞定Queue模块。

Queue类中常用的方法:

Queue.qsize()            返回队列的大小
Queue.empty()          如果队列为空,返回True,反之False
Queue.full()           如果队列满了,返回True,反之False
Queue.full              与 maxsize 大小对应

Queue.get([block[, timeout]])    获取队列,timeout等待时间 ,调用队列对象的get()方法从队头删除并返回一个项目。可选参数为block,默认为True。如果队列为空且block为True,get()就使调用线程暂停,直至有项目可用。如果队列为空且block为False,队列将引发Empty异常。

Queue.get_nowait()    相当于Queue.get(False)

Queue.put(item)

  写入队列,timeout等待时间 ,调用队列对象的put()方法在队尾插入一个项目。put()有两个参数,第一个item为必需的,为插入项目的值;第   二个block为可选参数,默认为1。如果队列当前为空且block为1,put()方法就使调用线程暂停,直到空出一个数据单元。如果block为0,put方法将引发Full异常。                                            

Queue.put_nowait(item) 相当Queue.put(item, False)

Queue.task_done()

  在完成一项工作之后,Queue.task_done()函数向任务已经完成的队列发送一个信号

Queue.join()

 实际上意味着等到队列为空,再执行别的操作

一个小的练习实例:

#coding:utf-8
import random, threading, time
import Queue
'''
实现了一个生产线程,用于往队列中添加随机数10个,
实现了一个消费线程,分别消耗奇数随机数和偶数随机数
'''

class producer(threading.Thread):
  def __init__(self,t_name,queue):
    threading.Thread.__init__(self,name=t_name)
    self.data = queue
  def run(self):
    for i in xrange(10):
      random_num = random.randint(1,99)
      print "%s : %s 生产了一个随机数\033[31;0m %d \033[0m放入队列中" % (time.ctime(),self.getName(),random_num)
      self.data.put(random_num)
      time.sleep(1)
    print "生产线程完成!!"


class consumer(threading.Thread):
  def __init__(self,t_name,queue):
    threading.Thread.__init__(self,name=t_name)
    self.data = queue
  def run(self):
    while True:
      try:
        tmp_num = self.data.get(1,5) #定义超时时间5秒
        if tmp_num%2 == 0:
          print "%s : %s 消耗了一个队列中的偶数随机数\033[31;0m %d \033[0m" % (time.ctime(),self.getName(),tmp_num)
          time.sleep(2)
        else:
          print "%s : %s 消耗了一个队列中的奇数随机数\033[31;0m %d \033[0m" % (time.ctime(), self.getName(), tmp_num)
          time.sleep(2)
      except:
        print "消费线程完成!!" #一旦到达超时时间5秒,会抛异常,break退出循环
        break


def main():
  queue = Queue.Queue(0)
  pro = producer('Pro', queue)
  con = consumer('Con', queue)
  pro.start()
  con.start()
  pro.join()
  con.join()
  print 'All threads complete!!!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

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