


JAVA implements precise addition, subtraction, multiplication and division codes
package lc.util; import java.math.BigDecimal; public class MathHelper { private static final int DEF_DIV_SCALE = 10; private MathHelper() { } /** * 提供精确的加法运算。 * * @param v1 * 被加数 * @param v2 * 加数 * @return 两个参数的和 */ public static double add(double v1, double v2) { BigDecimal b1 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(v1)); BigDecimal b2 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(v2)); return b1.add(b2).doubleValue(); } /** * 提供精确的减法运算。 * * @param v1 * 被减数 * @param v2 * 减数 * @return 两个参数的差 */ public static double sub(double v1, double v2) { BigDecimal b1 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(v1)); BigDecimal b2 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(v2)); return b1.subtract(b2).doubleValue(); } /** * 提供精确的乘法运算。 * * @param v1 * 被乘数 * @param v2 * 乘数 * @return 两个参数的积 */ public static double mul(double v1, double v2) { BigDecimal b1 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(v1)); BigDecimal b2 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(v2)); return b1.multiply(b2).doubleValue(); } /** * 提供(相对)精确的除法运算,当发生除不尽的情况时,精确到 小数点以后10位,以后的数字四舍五入。 * * @param v1 * 被除数 * @param v2 * 除数 * @return 两个参数的商 */ public static double div(double v1, double v2) { return div(v1, v2, DEF_DIV_SCALE); } /** * 提供(相对)精确的除法运算。当发生除不尽的情况时,由scale参数指 定精度,以后的数字四舍五入。 * * @param v1 * 被除数 * @param v2 * 除数 * @param scale * 表示表示需要精确到小数点以后几位。 * @return 两个参数的商 */ public static double div(double v1, double v2, int scale) { if (scale < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "The scale must be a positive integer or zero"); } BigDecimal b1 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(v1)); BigDecimal b2 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(v2)); return b1.divide(b2, scale, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP).doubleValue(); } /** * 提供精确的小数位四舍五入处理。 * * @param v * 需要四舍五入的数字 * @param scale * 小数点后保留几位 * @return 四舍五入后的结果 */ public static double round(double v, int scale) { if (scale < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "The scale must be a positive integer or zero"); } BigDecimal b = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(v)); BigDecimal one = new BigDecimal("1"); return b.divide(one, scale, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP).doubleValue(); } }

Javadevelopmentisnotentirelyplatform-independentduetoseveralfactors.1)JVMvariationsaffectperformanceandbehavioracrossdifferentOS.2)NativelibrariesviaJNIintroduceplatform-specificissues.3)Filepathsandsystempropertiesdifferbetweenplatforms.4)GUIapplica

Java code will have performance differences when running on different platforms. 1) The implementation and optimization strategies of JVM are different, such as OracleJDK and OpenJDK. 2) The characteristics of the operating system, such as memory management and thread scheduling, will also affect performance. 3) Performance can be improved by selecting the appropriate JVM, adjusting JVM parameters and code optimization.

Java'splatformindependencehaslimitationsincludingperformanceoverhead,versioncompatibilityissues,challengeswithnativelibraryintegration,platform-specificfeatures,andJVMinstallation/maintenance.Thesefactorscomplicatethe"writeonce,runanywhere"

Platformindependenceallowsprogramstorunonanyplatformwithoutmodification,whilecross-platformdevelopmentrequiressomeplatform-specificadjustments.Platformindependence,exemplifiedbyJava,enablesuniversalexecutionbutmaycompromiseperformance.Cross-platformd

JITcompilationinJavaenhancesperformancewhilemaintainingplatformindependence.1)Itdynamicallytranslatesbytecodeintonativemachinecodeatruntime,optimizingfrequentlyusedcode.2)TheJVMremainsplatform-independent,allowingthesameJavaapplicationtorunondifferen

Javaispopularforcross-platformdesktopapplicationsduetoits"WriteOnce,RunAnywhere"philosophy.1)ItusesbytecodethatrunsonanyJVM-equippedplatform.2)LibrarieslikeSwingandJavaFXhelpcreatenative-lookingUIs.3)Itsextensivestandardlibrarysupportscompr

Reasons for writing platform-specific code in Java include access to specific operating system features, interacting with specific hardware, and optimizing performance. 1) Use JNA or JNI to access the Windows registry; 2) Interact with Linux-specific hardware drivers through JNI; 3) Use Metal to optimize gaming performance on macOS through JNI. Nevertheless, writing platform-specific code can affect the portability of the code, increase complexity, and potentially pose performance overhead and security risks.

Java will further enhance platform independence through cloud-native applications, multi-platform deployment and cross-language interoperability. 1) Cloud native applications will use GraalVM and Quarkus to increase startup speed. 2) Java will be extended to embedded devices, mobile devices and quantum computers. 3) Through GraalVM, Java will seamlessly integrate with languages such as Python and JavaScript to enhance cross-language interoperability.


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