Detailed explanation of learning arrays in PHP_PHP tutorial
数组就是一组数据的集合,把一系列数据组织起来,形成一个可操作的整体。数组的每个实体都包含两项:键和值。
一、什么是数组
数组就是一组数据的集合,把一系列数据组织起来,形成一个可操作的整体。数组的每个实体都包含两项:键和值。
二、声明数据
在PHP中声明数组的方式主要有两种:
一是应用array()函数声明数组,
一是直接为数组元素赋值。飞飞Asp!技术乐园
array()函数声明的数组的方式array([mixed...]) 参数mixed的语法为key=>value
如,
$array=array("1"=>"编","2"=>"程","3"=>"词","4"=>"典");
print_r($array);
echo "
";
echo $array[1]; //注意:下标默认是从0开始
echo $array[2];
echo $array[3];
echo $array[4];
?>
直接为数组元素赋值。
如果在创建数组时不知所创建数组的大小,或在实际编写程序时数组的大小可能发生变化,采用这种数组创建的方法较好。
如,
$array[1]="I";
$array[2]="love";
$array[3]="PHP";
print_r($array); //输出所创建数组的结构
?>
三、数组的类型
PHP支持两种数组:索引数组(indexed array)和联合数组(associative array),前者使用数字作为键,后者使用字符串作为键。
四、输出数组
在PHP中对数组元素输出,可以通过echo和print语句来实现,但这只能对数组中某一元素进行输出;要将数组结构输出则要使用print_r()函数,其语法:print_r(mixed expression),参数expression为普通的整形、字符型或实型变量则输出该变量本身,如果该参数为数组,则按一定键值和元素的顺序显示出该数组中的所有元素。
五、数组的构造
一维数组:
当一个数组的元素是变量时,则称其为一维数组。飞飞As.p技术乐园
声明一位数组: 类型说明符 数组名[常量表达式];
二维数组:
当一个数组的元素是一个一位数组时,则称之为二维数组。
如,
$str = array (
"网络编程语言"=>array ("PHP","JSP","ASP"),
"体育项目"=>array ("m"=>"足球","n"=>"篮球"));
print_r ( $str) ;
?>
六、遍历数组
遍历数组中的所有元素是常用的一种操作,在遍历的过程中可以完成查询或其他功能。在PHP中遍历数组的方法有多种,下面介绍最常用的两种方法。
使用foreach结构遍历数组;
使用list()函数遍历数组,list()函数仅能用于数字索引的数组,且数字索引从0开始。
例:综合使用list()和each()认证用户登录:
//输出用户登录信息
while(list($name,$value)=each($_POST)){
if($name!="submit"){
echo "$name=$value
";
}
}
?>
七、统计数组元素个数
在PHP中,使用count()函数对数组中的元素个数进行统计,语法为:int coun(mixed array[,int mode]),其中参数array为必要参数,mode为可选参数,若选中COUNT——RECURSIVE(或1),本函数将递归地对数组数组。如,
$array = array("php" => array("PHP函数参考大全","PHP程序开发范例宝典","PHP数据库系统开发完全手册"),
"asp" => array("ASP经验技巧宝典")
); //声明一个二维数组
echo count($array,COUNT_RECURSIVE);//递归统计数组元素的个数,运行结果为6
?>
8. Array sorting
Use sort() and rsort() to sort the array in ascending and descending order respectively, such as,
$array=array( 5,26,37,18,9,42,88,66);
$array1=sort($array);
for($i=0;$i
}
echo "
";
$array1=rsort($array);
for($i =0;$i
}
?>
Running result:
5 9 18 26 37 42 66 88
88 66 42 37 26 18 9 5
Use ksort() and asort() to sort the associative array
If an associative array is used, it will be sorted after sorting. To keep the ordering of keywords and values consistent, you need to use the ksort() and asort() functions
, such as,
$array=array(php=>1 ,jsp=>2,asp=>3);
ksort($array);
print_r($array);
echo "
";
asort($array );
print_r($array);
?>
Run result:
Array ( [asp] => 3 [jsp] => 2 [php] => 1 )
Array ( [php] => 1 [jsp] => 2 [asp] => 3 )

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP makes it easy to create interactive web content. 1) Dynamically generate content by embedding HTML and display it in real time based on user input or database data. 2) Process form submission and generate dynamic output to ensure that htmlspecialchars is used to prevent XSS. 3) Use MySQL to create a user registration system, and use password_hash and preprocessing statements to enhance security. Mastering these techniques will improve the efficiency of web development.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.


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