Experience in designing database_PHP tutorial
Database design experience
Whether the design of the database model is reasonable will greatly affect the performance of the system. Based on many years of experience in designing and using databases, the author proposes the following design principles for colleagues' reference.
Use cursors with caution
Cursors provide a means of scanning line by line in a specific collection. Generally, cursors are used to traverse data line by line, and perform different operations based on different conditions for retrieving data. For cursor (large data collection) loops defined in multiple tables and large tables, it is easy for the program to enter a long wait or even crash. The author is doing the end-of-day account rollover interest calculation in the "Housing Provident Fund Management System" of a certain city. When processing a cursor with 100,000 accounts, the program entered an indefinite wait (later calculated to take 48 hours to complete) (hardware environment: Alpha/4000 128MB RAM, SCO Unix, Sybase 11.0). After modifying the program and using the UPDATE statement instead, the process was completed within 20 minutes. An example is as follows:
Declare Mycursor cursor for select count—no from COUNT
Open Mycursor
Fetch Mycursor into @vcount—no
While (@@sqlstatus=0)
Begin
If @vcount—no=′ ′ Condition 1
Operation 1
If @vcount—no=′ ′ Condition 2
Operation 2
...
Fetch Mycursor into @vcount—no
End
...
Change to
Update COUNT set operation 1 for condition 1
Update COUNT set operation 2 for condition 2
...
A cursor must be used in some cases In this case, you can consider transferring the data rows that meet the conditions into a temporary table, and then define a cursor on the temporary table to operate. In this way, the performance can be significantly improved. In the background program design of the "Telecom Charging System" database in a certain city, the author performed cursor operations on a table (more than 30 qualified rows of data out of 30,000 rows) (hardware environment: PC server, PⅡ266 64MB RAM, Windows NT4.0 MS SQL Server 6.5).
An example is as follows:
Create #tmp /* Define temporary table*/
(Field 1
Field 2
...)
Insert into #tmp select * from TOTAL where condition
Declare Mycursor cursor for select * from #tmp /*Define cursor for temporary table*/
...
Tips for using index (Index)
Creating an index generally has two purposes: maintaining the index Uniqueness of indexed columns and strategies to provide fast access to data in the table. There are two types of indexes in large databases, namely cluster index and non-cluster index. A table without cluster index stores data in a heap structure, and all data is added at the end of the table; while a table with a cluster index has its data physically stored in the database. will be stored in the order of cluster index keys. A table is only allowed to have one cluster index. Therefore, according to the B-tree structure, it can be understood that adding any kind of index can improve the speed of querying by index columns, but at the same time it will slow down the insertion speed. , the performance of update and delete operations, especially when the fill factor (Fill Factor) is large. Therefore, when frequently inserting, updating, and deleting operations are performed on a table with many indexes, a smaller fill factor should be set when creating the table and index, so as to leave more free space in each data page and reduce page segmentation and re- organization's work.

PHPsessionstrackuserdataacrossmultiplepagerequestsusingauniqueIDstoredinacookie.Here'showtomanagethemeffectively:1)Startasessionwithsession_start()andstoredatain$_SESSION.2)RegeneratethesessionIDafterloginwithsession_regenerate_id(true)topreventsessi

In PHP, iterating through session data can be achieved through the following steps: 1. Start the session using session_start(). 2. Iterate through foreach loop through all key-value pairs in the $_SESSION array. 3. When processing complex data structures, use is_array() or is_object() functions and use print_r() to output detailed information. 4. When optimizing traversal, paging can be used to avoid processing large amounts of data at one time. This will help you manage and use PHP session data more efficiently in your actual project.

The session realizes user authentication through the server-side state management mechanism. 1) Session creation and generation of unique IDs, 2) IDs are passed through cookies, 3) Server stores and accesses session data through IDs, 4) User authentication and status management are realized, improving application security and user experience.

Tostoreauser'snameinaPHPsession,startthesessionwithsession_start(),thenassignthenameto$_SESSION['username'].1)Usesession_start()toinitializethesession.2)Assigntheuser'snameto$_SESSION['username'].Thisallowsyoutoaccessthenameacrossmultiplepages,enhanc

Reasons for PHPSession failure include configuration errors, cookie issues, and session expiration. 1. Configuration error: Check and set the correct session.save_path. 2.Cookie problem: Make sure the cookie is set correctly. 3.Session expires: Adjust session.gc_maxlifetime value to extend session time.

Methods to debug session problems in PHP include: 1. Check whether the session is started correctly; 2. Verify the delivery of the session ID; 3. Check the storage and reading of session data; 4. Check the server configuration. By outputting session ID and data, viewing session file content, etc., you can effectively diagnose and solve session-related problems.

Multiple calls to session_start() will result in warning messages and possible data overwrites. 1) PHP will issue a warning, prompting that the session has been started. 2) It may cause unexpected overwriting of session data. 3) Use session_status() to check the session status to avoid repeated calls.

Configuring the session lifecycle in PHP can be achieved by setting session.gc_maxlifetime and session.cookie_lifetime. 1) session.gc_maxlifetime controls the survival time of server-side session data, 2) session.cookie_lifetime controls the life cycle of client cookies. When set to 0, the cookie expires when the browser is closed.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

mPDF
mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
