PHP implementation of AES256 encryption algorithm example_PHP tutorial

Example of PHP implementing AES256 encryption algorithm

This article describes the example of PHP implementing AES256 encryption algorithm, which is a relatively common encryption algorithm. Share it with everyone for your reference. The details are as follows:

aes.class.php file is as follows:

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/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ /* AES implementation in PHP (c) Chris Veness 2005-2011. Right of free use is granted for all */ /* commercial or non-commercial use under CC-BY license. No warranty of any form is offered. */ /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ class Aes { /** * AES Cipher function: encrypt 'input' with Rijndael algorithm * * @param input message as byte-array (16 bytes)   * @param w   key schedule as 2D byte-array (Nr+1 x Nb bytes) -    *       generated from the cipher key by keyExpansion()    * @return   ciphertext as byte-array (16 bytes)    */   public static function cipher($input, $w) {  // main cipher function [§5.1]    $Nb = 4;         // block size (in words): no of columns in state (fixed at 4 for AES)    $Nr = count($w)/$Nb - 1; // no of rounds: 10/12/14 for 128/192/256-bit keys         $state = array(); // initialise 4xNb byte-array 'state' with input [§3.4]    for ($i=0; $i        $state = self::addRoundKey($state, $w, 0, $Nb);         for ($round=1; $round    $state = self::subBytes($state, $Nb);     $state = self::shiftRows($state, $Nb);     $state = self::mixColumns($state, $Nb);     $state = self::addRoundKey($state, $w, $round, $Nb);    }         $state = self::subBytes($state, $Nb);    $state = self::shiftRows($state, $Nb);    $state = self::addRoundKey($state, $w, $Nr, $Nb);         $output = array(4*$Nb); // convert state to 1-d array before returning [§3.4]    for ($i=0; $i   return $output;   }             private static function addRoundKey($state, $w, $rnd, $Nb) { // xor Round Key into state S [§5.1.4]    for ($r=0; $r    for ($c=0; $c   }    return $state;   }        private static function subBytes($s, $Nb) {  // apply SBox to state S [§5.1.1]    for ($r=0; $r    for ($c=0; $c   }    return $s;   }        private static function shiftRows($s, $Nb) {  // shift row r of state S left by r bytes [§5.1.2]    $t = array(4);    for ($r=1; $r    for ($c=0; $c    for ($c=0; $c   }     // note that this will work for Nb=4,5,6, but not 7,8 (always 4 for AES):    return $s; // see fp.gladman.plus.com/cryptography_technology/rijndael/aes.spec.311.pdf    }        private static function mixColumns($s, $Nb) {  // combine bytes of each col of state S [§5.1.3]    for ($c=0; $c    $a = array(4); // 'a' is a copy of the current column from 's'     $b = array(4); // 'b' is a•{02} in GF(2^8)     for ($i=0; $i     $a[$i] = $s[$i][$c];      $b[$i] = $s[$i][$c]&0x80 ? $s[$i][$c]    }     // a[n] ^ b[n] is a•{03} in GF(2^8)     $s[0][$c] = $b[0] ^ $a[1] ^ $b[1] ^ $a[2] ^ $a[3]; // 2*a0 + 3*a1 + a2 + a3     $s[1][$c] = $a[0] ^ $b[1] ^ $a[2] ^ $b[2] ^ $a[3]; // a0 * 2*a1 + 3*a2 + a3     $s[2][$c] = $a[0] ^ $a[1] ^ $b[2] ^ $a[3] ^ $b[3]; // a0 + a1 + 2*a2 + 3*a3     $s[3][$c] = $a[0] ^ $b[0] ^ $a[1] ^ $a[2] ^ $b[3]; // 3*a0 + a1 + a2 + 2*a3    }    return $s;   }        /**    * Key expansion for Rijndael cipher(): performs key expansion on cipher key    * to generate a key schedule    *    * @param key cipher key byte-array (16 bytes)    * @return  key schedule as 2D byte-array (Nr+1 x Nb bytes)    */   public static function keyExpansion($key) { // generate Key Schedule from Cipher Key [§5.2]    $Nb = 4;       // block size (in words): no of columns in state (fixed at 4 for AES)    $Nk = count($key)/4; // key length (in words): 4/6/8 for 128/192/256-bit keys    $Nr = $Nk + 6;    // no of rounds: 10/12/14 for 128/192/256-bit keys         $w = array();    $temp = array();         for ($i=0; $i    $r = array($key[4*$i], $key[4*$i+1], $key[4*$i+2], $key[4*$i+3]);     $w[$i] = $r;    }         for ($i=$Nk; $i    $w[$i] = array();     for ($t=0; $t    if ($i % $Nk == 0) {      $temp = self::subWord(self::rotWord($temp));      for ($t=0; $t    } else if ($Nk > 6 && $i%$Nk == 4) {      $temp = self::subWord($temp);     }     for ($t=0; $t   }    return $w;   }        private static function subWord($w) {  // apply SBox to 4-byte word w    for ($i=0; $i   return $w;   }        private static function rotWord($w) {  // rotate 4-byte word w left by one byte    $tmp = $w[0];    for ($i=0; $i   $w[3] = $tmp;    return $w;   }        // sBox is pre-computed multiplicative inverse in GF(2^8) used in subBytes and keyExpansion [§5.1.1]   private static $sBox = array(    0x63,0x7c,0x77,0x7b,0xf2,0x6b,0x6f,0xc5,0x30,0x01,0x67,0x2b,0xfe,0xd7,0xab,0x76,    0xca,0x82,0xc9,0x7d,0xfa,0x59,0x47,0xf0,0xad,0xd4,0xa2,0xaf,0x9c,0xa4,0x72,0xc0,    0xb7,0xfd,0x93,0x26,0x36,0x3f,0xf7,0xcc,0x34,0xa5,0xe5,0xf1,0x71,0xd8,0x31,0x15,    0x04,0xc7,0x23,0xc3,0x18,0x96,0x05,0x9a,0x07,0x12,0x80,0xe2,0xeb,0x27,0xb2,0x75,    0x09,0x83,0x2c,0x1a,0x1b,0x6e,0x5a,0xa0,0x52,0x3b,0xd6,0xb3,0x29,0xe3,0x2f,0x84,    0x53,0xd1,0x00,0xed,0x20,0xfc,0xb1,0x5b,0x6a,0xcb,0xbe,0x39,0x4a,0x4c,0x58,0xcf,    0xd0,0xef,0xaa,0xfb,0x43,0x4d,0x33,0x85,0x45,0xf9,0x02,0x7f,0x50,0x3c,0x9f,0xa8,    0x51,0xa3,0x40,0x8f,0x92,0x9d,0x38,0xf5,0xbc,0xb6,0xda,0x21,0x10,0xff,0xf3,0xd2,    0xcd,0x0c,0x13,0xec,0x5f,0x97,0x44,0x17,0xc4,0xa7,0x7e,0x3d,0x64,0x5d,0x19,0x73,    0x60,0x81,0x4f,0xdc,0x22,0x2a,0x90,0x88,0x46,0xee,0xb8,0x14,0xde,0x5e,0x0b,0xdb,    0xe0,0x32,0x3a,0x0a,0x49,0x06,0x24,0x5c,0xc2,0xd3,0xac,0x62,0x91,0x95,0xe4,0x79,    0xe7,0xc8,0x37,0x6d,0x8d,0xd5,0x4e,0xa9,0x6c,0x56,0xf4,0xea,0x65,0x7a,0xae,0x08,    0xba,0x78,0x25,0x2e,0x1c,0xa6,0xb4,0xc6,0xe8,0xdd,0x74,0x1f,0x4b,0xbd,0x8b,0x8a,    0x70,0x3e,0xb5,0x66,0x48,0x03,0xf6,0x0e,0x61,0x35,0x57,0xb9,0x86,0xc1,0x1d,0x9e,    0xe1,0xf8,0x98,0x11,0x69,0xd9,0x8e,0x94,0x9b,0x1e,0x87,0xe9,0xce,0x55,0x28,0xdf,    0x8c,0xa1,0x89,0x0d,0xbf,0xe6,0x42,0x68,0x41,0x99,0x2d,0x0f,0xb0,0x54,0xbb,0x16);        // rCon is Round Constant used for the Key Expansion [1st col is 2^(r-1) in GF(2^8)] [§5.2]   private static $rCon = array(     array(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),    array(0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00) );   }   ?>

aesctr.class.php file is as follows:

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/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ /* AES counter (CTR) mode implementation in PHP (c) Chris Veness 2005-2011. Right of free use is */ /* granted for all commercial or non-commercial use under CC-BY license. No warranty of any */ /* form is offered. /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */ class AesCtr extends Aes {  /**    * Encrypt a text using AES encryption in Counter mode of operation    * - see http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38a/sp800-38a.pdf    *    * Unicode multi-byte character safe    *    * @param plaintext source text to be encrypted    * @param password the password to use to generate a key    * @param nBits   number of bits to be used in the key (128, 192, or 256)    * @param keep   keep 1:each not change 0:each change(default)    * @return     encrypted text    */   public static function encrypt($plaintext, $password, $nBits, $keep=0) {    $blockSize = 16; // block size fixed at 16 bytes / 128 bits (Nb=4) for AES    if (!($nBits==128 || $nBits==192 || $nBits==256)) return ''; // standard allows 128/192/256 bit keys    // note PHP (5) gives us plaintext and password in UTF8 encoding!          // use AES itself to encrypt password to get cipher key (using plain password as source for     // key expansion) - gives us well encrypted key    $nBytes = $nBits/8; // no bytes in key    $pwBytes = array();    for ($i=0; $i   $key = Aes::cipher($pwBytes, Aes::keyExpansion($pwBytes));    $key = array_merge($key, array_slice($key, 0, $nBytes-16)); // expand key to 16/24/32 bytes long          // initialise 1st 8 bytes of counter block with nonce (NIST SP800-38A §B.2): [0-1] = millisec,     // [2-3] = random, [4-7] = seconds, giving guaranteed sub-ms uniqueness up to Feb 2106    $counterBlock = array();        if($keep==0){      $nonce = floor(microtime(true)*1000);  // timestamp: milliseconds since 1-Jan-1970      $nonceMs = $nonce%1000;      $nonceSec = floor($nonce/1000);      $nonceRnd = floor(rand(0, 0xffff));    }else{      $nonce = 10000;      $nonceMs = $nonce%1000;      $nonceSec = floor($nonce/1000);      $nonceRnd = 10000;    }          for ($i=0; $i   for ($i=0; $i   for ($i=0; $i         // and convert it to a string to go on the front of the ciphertext    $ctrTxt = '';    for ($i=0; $i        // generate key schedule - an expansion of the key into distinct Key Rounds for each round    $keySchedule = Aes::keyExpansion($key);    //print_r($keySchedule);          $blockCount = ceil(strlen($plaintext)/$blockSize);    $ciphertxt = array(); // ciphertext as array of strings          for ($b=0; $b    // set counter (block #) in last 8 bytes of counter block (leaving nonce in 1st 8 bytes)     // done in two stages for 32-bit ops: using two words allows us to go past 2^32 blocks (68GB)     for ($c=0; $c    for ($c=0; $c         $cipherCntr = Aes::cipher($counterBlock, $keySchedule); // -- encrypt counter block --          // block size is reduced on final block     $blockLength = $b    $cipherByte = array();            for ($i=0; $i     $cipherByte[$i] = $cipherCntr[$i] ^ ord(substr($plaintext, $b*$blockSize+$i, 1));      $cipherByte[$i] = chr($cipherByte[$i]);     }     $ciphertxt[$b] = implode('', $cipherByte); // escape troublesome characters in ciphertext    }         // implode is more efficient than repeated string concatenation    $ciphertext = $ctrTxt . implode('', $ciphertxt);    $ciphertext = base64_encode($ciphertext);    return $ciphertext;   }        /**    * Decrypt a text encrypted by AES in counter mode of operation    *    * @param ciphertext source text to be decrypted    * @param password  the password to use to generate a key    * @param nBits   number of bits to be used in the key (128, 192, or 256)    * @return      decrypted text    */   public static function decrypt($ciphertext, $password, $nBits) {    $blockSize = 16; // block size fixed at 16 bytes / 128 bits (Nb=4) for AES    if (!($nBits==128 || $nBits==192 || $nBits==256)) return ''; // standard allows 128/192/256 bit keys    $ciphertext = base64_decode($ciphertext);         // use AES to encrypt password (mirroring encrypt routine)    $nBytes = $nBits/8; // no bytes in key    $pwBytes = array();    for ($i=0; $i   $key = Aes::cipher($pwBytes, Aes::keyExpansion($pwBytes));    $key = array_merge($key, array_slice($key, 0, $nBytes-16)); // expand key to 16/24/32 bytes long          // recover nonce from 1st element of ciphertext    $counterBlock = array();    $ctrTxt = substr($ciphertext, 0, 8);    for ($i=0; $i         // generate key schedule    $keySchedule = Aes::keyExpansion($key);         // separate ciphertext into blocks (skipping past initial 8 bytes)    $nBlocks = ceil((strlen($ciphertext)-8) / $blockSize);    $ct = array();    for ($b=0; $b   $ciphertext = $ct; // ciphertext is now array of block-length strings         // plaintext will get generated block-by-block into array of block-length strings    $plaintxt = array();          for ($b=0; $b    // set counter (block #) in last 8 bytes of counter block (leaving nonce in 1st 8 bytes)     for ($c=0; $c    for ($c=0; $c         $cipherCntr = Aes::cipher($counterBlock, $keySchedule); // encrypt counter block          $plaintxtByte = array();     for ($i=0; $i     // -- xor plaintext with ciphered counter byte-by-byte --      $plaintxtByte[$i] = $cipherCntr[$i] ^ ord(substr($ciphertext[$b],$i,1));      $plaintxtByte[$i] = chr($plaintxtByte[$i]);            }     $plaintxt[$b] = implode('', $plaintxtByte);     }         // join array of blocks into single plaintext string    $plaintext = implode('',$plaintxt);          return $plaintext;   }        /*    * Unsigned right shift function, since PHP has neither >>> operator nor unsigned ints    *    * @param a number to be shifted (32-bit integer)    * @param b number of bits to shift a to the right (0..31)    * @return  a right-shifted and zero-filled by b bits    */   private static function urs($a, $b) {    $a &= 0xffffffff; $b &= 0x1f; // (bounds check)    if ($a&0x80000000 && $b>0) {  // if left-most bit set     $a = ($a>>1) & 0x7fffffff;  //  right-shift one bit & clear left-most bit     $a = $a >> ($b-1);      //  remaining right-shifts    } else {            // otherwise     $a = ($a>>$b);        //  use normal right-shift    }     return $a;    }  }   ?>

Demo实例程序如下：

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require 'aes.class.php';   // AES PHP implementation  require 'aesctr.class.php'; // AES Counter Mode implementation       echo 'each change ';      $mstr = AesCtr::encrypt('Hello World', 'key', 256);  echo "Encrypt String : $mstr ";      $dstr = AesCtr::decrypt($mstr, 'key', 256);  echo "Decrypt String : $dstr ";      echo 'each not change ';      $mstr = AesCtr::encrypt('Hello World', 'key', 256, 1); // keep=1  echo "Encrypt String : $mstr ";      $dstr = AesCtr::decrypt($mstr, 'key', 256);  echo "Decrypt String : $dstr ";  ?>

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require 'aes.class.php';   // AES PHP implementation  require 'aesctr.class.php'; // AES Counter Mode implementation       echo 'each change
';      $mstr = AesCtr::encrypt('Hello World', 'key', 256);  echo "Encrypt String : $mstr
";      $dstr = AesCtr::decrypt($mstr, 'key', 256);  echo "Decrypt String : $dstr
";      echo 'each not change
';      $mstr = AesCtr::encrypt('Hello World', 'key', 256, 1); // keep=1  echo "Encrypt String : $mstr
";      $dstr = AesCtr::decrypt($mstr, 'key', 256);  echo "Decrypt String : $dstr
";  ?>

Here is another introduction to another encryption and decryption method using PHP mcrypt:

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/* aes 256 encrypt  * @param String $ostr  * @param String $securekey  * @param String $type encrypt, decrypt  */  function aes($ostr, $securekey, $type='encrypt'){    if($ostr==''){      return '';    }          $key = $securekey;    $iv = strrev($securekey);    $td = mcrypt_module_open('rijndael-256', '', 'ofb', '');    mcrypt_generic_init($td, $key, $iv);        $str = '';        switch($type){      case 'encrypt':        $str = base64_encode(mcrypt_generic($td, $ostr));        break;          case 'decrypt':        $str = mdecrypt_generic($td, base64_decode($ostr));        break;    }        mcrypt_generic_deinit($td);        return $str;  }      // Demo  $key = "fdipzone201314showmethemoney!@#$";  $str = "show me the money";      $ostr = aes($str, $key);  echo "String 1: $ostr ";      $dstr = aes($ostr, $key, 'decrypt');  echo "String 2: $dstr ";

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/* aes 256 encrypt * @param String $ostr * @param String $securekey * @param String $type encrypt, decrypt */ function aes($ostr, $securekey, $type='encrypt'){ if($ostr==''){ return ''; } $key = $securekey; $iv = strrev($securekey); $td = mcrypt_module_open('rijndael-256', '', 'ofb', ''); mcrypt_generic_init($td, $key, $iv); $str = ''; switch($type){ case 'encrypt': $str = base64_encode(mcrypt_generic($td, $ostr)); break; case 'decrypt': $str = mdecrypt_generic($td, base64_decode($ostr)); break; } mcrypt_generic_deinit($td); return $str; } // Demo $key = "fdipzone201314showmethemoney!@#$"; $str = "show me the money"; $ostr = aes($str, $key); echo "String 1: $ostr
"; $dstr = aes($ostr, $key, 'decrypt'); echo "String 2: $dstr
";

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