笔试题中经常遇到用CSS实现某个Div边框添加三角形问题,掌握一点,合理利用div的边框,当div有宽有高时,边框就是不起眼的边框,当div的宽高为0时,边框就是一个小方块,把剩下的三个边透明就是神奇的三角形了。
然后就是考察CSS的:before和:after伪元素,此类问题一般分为两种类型,即实心和空心问题,如图所示。
下图中DOM结构均为:
1、 实心三角
此类问题,一般给出背景颜色(多数为深色),没有整体图形的边框,比较容易下手。思路很简单,整体div背景色,确定长宽,相对定位,再用:after伪元素在div后添加内容(空格),设置宽度为0,确定边框宽度,绝对定位就行。
#demo{ width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: #333; position: relative; }#demo:after{ border:solid transparent; border-left-color:#333; border-width:10px; width:0; content:" "; position:absolute; left:100%; top:10%; }
2、 空心三角
对于空心三角,设计思路和实心三角类似,可以看成两个实心三角,外层大三角是设定为整体边框颜色的实心三角,内层小三角是设定为白色的实心三角,外层宽度大于内层宽度,视觉上就是空心三角。关键就是:before和:after伪元素分别对应外层大三角和内层小三角,以及边框大小计算。注意视觉上先看到的是:after伪元素样式,然后是:before伪元素样式,即当两者重合时,:after伪元素在最先看到。
对于上图的空心三角形设计(border-width:2px),代码如下:
#demo{ width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color:#fff; position:relative; border: 2px solid #000; /*整体颜色边框是黑色*/}/*小三角*/#demo:after{ border:solid transparent; border-left-color:#fff; border-width:10px; content:" "; position:absolute; left:100%; top:20px; /*20px*/}/*大三角*/#demo:before{ border:solid transparent; border-left-color:#000; border-width:12px; /*10px+2px*/ content:" "; position:absolute; left:100%; top:18px; /*20px-2px*/}
说明一点,在CSS3中,:before 和 :after 伪元素表示为 ::before 和 ::after 形式,为了兼容IE8,建议还是写单冒号。

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