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HomeWeb Front-endHTML TutorialJavaScript HTML5脚本编程--“历史状态管理”的注意要点_html/css_WEB-ITnose

历史状态管理是现代Web应用开发中的一个难点。在现代Web应用中,用户的每次操作不一定会打开一个全新的页面,因此“后退”和“前进”按钮也就失去了作用,导致用户很难在不同状态间切换。

要解决这个问题,首选使用

  • hashchange事件(第13章曾讨论过)。HTML5通过更新

  • history对象为管理历史状态提供了方便。

通过hashchange事件,可以知道URL的参数什么时候发生了变化,即什么时候该有所反应。而通过状态管理API,能够在不加载新页面的情况下改变浏览器的URL。为此,需要使用

  • history.pushState()方法,该方法可以接收三个参数:状态对象、新状态的标题和可选的相对URL。

例如:

history.pushState({name:"Nicholas"}, "Nicholas' page", "nicholas.html");

执行

  • pushState()方法后,新的状态信息就会被加入历史状态栈,而浏览器地址栏也会变成新的相对URL。

但是,浏览器并不会真的向服务器发送请求,即使状态改变之后查询location.href也会返回与地址栏中相同的地址。另外,第二个参数目前还没有浏览器实现,因此完全可以只传入一个空字符串,或者一个短标题也可以。而第一个参数则应该尽可能提供初始化页面状态所需的各种信息。

因为pushState()会创建新的历史状态,所以你会发现“后退”按钮也能使用了。按下“后退”按钮,会触发window对象的

  • popstate事件 。popstate事件的事件对象有一个

  • state属性,这个属性就包含着当初以第一个参数传递给pushState()的状态对象。

如:

EventUtil.addHandler(window, "popstate", function(event){    var state = event.state;    if (state){   //第一个页面加载时state为空        processState(state);    }});

得到这个状态对象后,必须把页面重置为状态对象中的数据表示的状态(因为浏览器不会自动为你做这些)。记住,浏览器加载的第一个页面没有状态,因此单击“后退”按钮返回浏览器加载的第一个页面时,event.state值为null。

要更新当前状态,可以调用

  • replaceState(),传入的参数与pushState()的前两个参数相同。调用这个方法不会在历史状态栈中创建新状态,只会重写当前状态。

如:

history.replaceState({name:"Greg"}, "Greg's page");

支持HTML5历史状态管理的浏览器有Firefox 4+、Safari 5+、Opera 11.5+和Chrome。在Safari和Chrome中,传递给pushState()或replaceState()的状态对象中不能包含DOM元素。而Firefox支持在状态对象中包含DOM元素。Opera还支持一个history.state属性,它返回当前状态的状态对象。

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