基本的 PHP 语法 (Syntax)
如果你要在网页里写一段 PHP 代码,你应以 为结束。
<?php?>
在支持简写的服务器上,你可以使用 和 ?> 来开始和结束 PHP 脚本块。
<??>
为了保证你的 PHP 文件能够在不同环境下正常运行,强烈建议你使用第一种方法。即以 结束。
一个简单的 PHP 文件的例子你可以用 Notepad 编写如下代码,这就是一个最简单的 PHP 文件。
<html><body><?php echo "Blabla.cn" ?></body></html>
其中的 echo 是 PHP 最常用的函数之一,作用是输出文本。
保存 PHP 文件PHP 文件以 .php 作为文件扩展名。
比如你可以将上面的例子保存为 blabla.php。
运行 PHP 示例文件在浏览器里输入上述 PHP 示例文件的 URL 路径,你会看到显示的结果是:
Blabla.cn
请用浏览器查看该示例网页源代码,你会发现,你看不到上面示例文件中写的 PHP 代码,你看到的只是 PHP 脚本执行后形成的 HTML ,如下所示:
<html><body>Blabla.cn</body></html>
用户看不到 PHP 文件的源代码,只能看到 PHP 文件执行后的输出结果。
PHP 语言中分号 (Semicolon) 的作用: 指令分隔符 (Instruction separation)PHP 语言中,分号 (Semicolon) 表示一个 PHP 指令的结束,记住在每个 PHP 指令结束后加上分号,不过在一个 PHP 脚本块中,最后一个指令后可以不必加分号,因为 ?> 自动暗含了一个分号,当然你加分号也不会出错。
比如我们用分号分隔两个 echo 语句,如下:
<html><body><?phpecho "Blabla.cn";echo "Hello"?></body></html>空格
空格在两个 PHP 指令之间是被忽略的。
下面三种写法,输出 HTML 结果是一样的。
<?phpecho "Blabla.cn";echo "Hello"?>
<?phpecho "Blabla.cn";echo "Hello"?>
<?phpecho "Blabla.cn";echo "Hello"?>

PHPsessionscanstorestrings,numbers,arrays,andobjects.1.Strings:textdatalikeusernames.2.Numbers:integersorfloatsforcounters.3.Arrays:listslikeshoppingcarts.4.Objects:complexstructuresthatareserialized.

TostartaPHPsession,usesession_start()atthescript'sbeginning.1)Placeitbeforeanyoutputtosetthesessioncookie.2)Usesessionsforuserdatalikeloginstatusorshoppingcarts.3)RegeneratesessionIDstopreventfixationattacks.4)Considerusingadatabaseforsessionstoragei

Session regeneration refers to generating a new session ID and invalidating the old ID when the user performs sensitive operations in case of session fixed attacks. The implementation steps include: 1. Detect sensitive operations, 2. Generate new session ID, 3. Destroy old session ID, 4. Update user-side session information.

PHP sessions have a significant impact on application performance. Optimization methods include: 1. Use a database to store session data to improve response speed; 2. Reduce the use of session data and only store necessary information; 3. Use a non-blocking session processor to improve concurrency capabilities; 4. Adjust the session expiration time to balance user experience and server burden; 5. Use persistent sessions to reduce the number of data read and write times.

PHPsessionsareserver-side,whilecookiesareclient-side.1)Sessionsstoredataontheserver,aremoresecure,andhandlelargerdata.2)Cookiesstoredataontheclient,arelesssecure,andlimitedinsize.Usesessionsforsensitivedataandcookiesfornon-sensitive,client-sidedata.

PHPidentifiesauser'ssessionusingsessioncookiesandsessionIDs.1)Whensession_start()iscalled,PHPgeneratesauniquesessionIDstoredinacookienamedPHPSESSIDontheuser'sbrowser.2)ThisIDallowsPHPtoretrievesessiondatafromtheserver.

The security of PHP sessions can be achieved through the following measures: 1. Use session_regenerate_id() to regenerate the session ID when the user logs in or is an important operation. 2. Encrypt the transmission session ID through the HTTPS protocol. 3. Use session_save_path() to specify the secure directory to store session data and set permissions correctly.

PHPsessionfilesarestoredinthedirectoryspecifiedbysession.save_path,typically/tmponUnix-likesystemsorC:\Windows\TemponWindows.Tocustomizethis:1)Usesession_save_path()tosetacustomdirectory,ensuringit'swritable;2)Verifythecustomdirectoryexistsandiswrita


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