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AJAX即“Asynchronous JavaScript and XML”(异步JavaScript和XML),AJAX并非缩写词,而是由Jesse James Gaiiett创造的名词,是指一种创建交互式。
Ajax的核心是JavaScript对象XmlHttpRequest。该对象在Internet Explorer 5中首次引入,它是一种支持异步请求的技术。简而言之,XmlHttpRequest使您可以使用JavaScript向服务器提出请求并处理响应,而不阻塞用户。
在本文的例子中,为了让初学者对ajax的实现原理有一个更加深刻的认识,没有使用jquery等框架,整个异步请求都是通过编写javascript来完成。
本例共包括3个文件,分别为:
config.php 连接数据库
message.php 用户访问的留言界面,当用户发送留言时,将留言结果以异步请求的方式发送到message_ajax.php。
message_ajax.php 处理来自message.php中的异步请求并返回结果
下面我按实际编写的步骤来说明:
创建数据库和表 为了让问题不至于变得复杂,这里我是在test数据库中创建了一个表t_message。SQL语句如下:
create table t_message(id int auto_increment primary key,email varchar(100),content text);
编写用户留言界面
留言界面非常简洁,就是一个表单,在message.php中添加以下html代码如下:
<div style="width:800px;margin:0 auto;"> <form action="#" > <fieldset> <legend>Leave Message Here</legend> <table> <tr> <td>Email:</td> <td><input name="email" id="email" type="email" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Content:</td> <td><textarea name="content" id="content" cols="80" rows="6" ></textarea></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><input name="button1" type="button" value="Post" onclick="doRequestUsingPOST()" /></td> </tr> </table> </fieldset> </form></div>
异步请求
使用XMLHttpRequest对象发送请求的基本步骤如下: 创建一个XMLHttpRequest的引用 告诉XMLHttpRequest对象,哪个函数会处理XMLHttpRequest对象状态的改变,为此要设置onreadystatechange属性 指定请求的属性。open() 将请求发送给服务器。send() xmlHttp.responseText将响应提供为一个串
创建一个XMLHttpRequest的引用
var xmlHttp; function createXMLHttpRequest(){ if(window.ActiveXObject) { xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } else if(window.XMLHttpRequest) { xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); }else{ alert("浏览器不支持XMLHttpRequest对象"); } }
创建查询字符串
function createQueryString(){ var email = document.getElementById("email").value; var content = document.getElementById("content").value; var queryString = "email="+ email + "&content="+ content ; //alert(queryString); return queryString; }
以POST方式发送异步请求
function doRequestUsingPOST(){ createXMLHttpRequest(); var url = "message_ajax.php?timeStamp=" + new Date().getTime(); var queryString = createQueryString(); xmlHttp.open("POST",url,true); xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange; xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;"); xmlHttp.send(queryString); }
处理状态变更,解析message_ajax.php返回的结果
function handleStateChange(){ if(xmlHttp.readyState == 4){ if(xmlHttp.status == 200){ parseResult(); //alert("OK"); } } } function parseResult(){ var responseDiv = document.getElementById("newmessage"); if(responseDiv.hasChildNodes()){ responseDiv.removeChild(responseDiv.childNodes[0]); } var responseText = xmlHttp.responseText;//document.createTextNode(xmlHttp.responseText); responseDiv.innerHTML = responseText; //responseDiv.appendChild(responseText); }
服务端处理异步请求
然后我们看下服务端message_ajax.php是怎样处理请求的
<?php include_once("config.php"); $email = strip_tags($_POST['email']); $content = strip_tags($_POST['content']); $sql1 = "insert into t_message values(NULL, '" . $email . "' ,'".$content."')"; mysql_query($sql1); $sql = "SELECT * FROM `t_message` order by id desc LIMIT 10"; $result = mysql_query($sql); $responseText = "<table>"; while($message = mysql_fetch_array($result)){ $onemessage = " <tr> <th style='background-color:gray;'>Email:</th> <td>".$message['email']."</td> </tr> <tr style='border-bottom:1px gray dashed;'> <th style='background-color:gray;'>Content:</th> <td>".$message['content']."</td> </tr>"; $responseText = $responseText.$onemessage; } $responseText = $responseText."</table>"; echo $responseText;?>
从上面代码可以看到,服务端首先需要接收客户端发送过来的请求,在本例中发送的参数就是email和content。
然后,服务端将这些数据保存到数据库中,并查询出数据库中最近的10条留言信息,构造成HTML字符串,并echo。
于是客户端便可接收到,实现无刷新显示最近的10条留言(当然需要留言超过10条的时候)。
如果你有神马问题,请留言讨论!

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