最近在做的项目有一项需要耗时任务在后台运行的功能,虽然PHP并不是非常适合做常驻后台的守护进程,但是由于项目主要代码都是基于PHP实现,如果运行在后台的守护进程改换别的语言会非常不方便。所以不可避免会涉及到Web端和Daemon部分的通信,Socket是一个不错的方式。
Socket是什么
socket的英文原义是“孔”或“插座”。作为BSD UNIX的进程通信机制,取后一种意思。通常也称作”套接字”,用于描述IP地址和端口,是一个通信链的句柄。在Internet上的主机一般运行了多个服务软件,同时提供几种服务。每种服务都打开一个Socket,并绑定到一个端口上,不同的端口对应于不同的服务。
以上内容来自百度百科
简单说来,socket可以帮助不同的服务在不同的端口进行通信。
PHP中的实现
服务端
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set_time_limit(0);
// 设置主机和端口
$host = "127.0.0.1" ;
$port = 12387;
// 创建一个tcp流
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP)
or die ( "socket_create() failed:" . socket_strerror(socket_last_error()));
// 设置阻塞模式
socket_set_block( $socket )
or die ( "socket_set_block() failed:" . socket_strerror(socket_last_error()));
// 绑定到端口
socket_bind( $socket , $host , $port )
or die ( "socket_bind() failed:" . socket_strerror(socket_last_error()));
// 开始监听
socket_listen( $socket , 4)
or die ( "socket_listen() failed:" . socket_strerror(socket_last_error()));
echo "Binding the socket on $host:$port ... \n" ;
while (true) {
// 接收连接请求并调用一个子连接Socket来处理客户端和服务器间的信息
if (( $msgsock = socket_accept( $socket ))
echo "socket_accept() failed:" . socket_strerror(socket_last_error());
} else {
// 读数据
$out = '' ;
while ( $buf = socket_read( $msgsock ,8192)){
$out .= $buf ;
}
// 写数据
$in = "数据是 $out" ;
socket_write( $msgsock , $in , strlen ( $in ));
}
// 结束通信
socket_close( $msgsock );
}
socket_close( $socket );
?>
服务端主要进行了以下步骤:
客户端
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set_time_limit(0);
$host = "127.0.0.1" ;
$port = 12387;
// 创建一个tcp流
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP)
or die ( "socket_create() failed:" . socket_strerror(socket_last_error()));
echo "try to connect to $host:$port...\n" ;
$result = socket_connect( $socket , $host , $port )
or die ( "socket_connect() failed:" . socket_strerror(socket_last_error()));
$in = "hello \n" ;
if (!socket_write( $socket , $in , strlen ( $in ))) {
echo "socket_write() failed:" . socket_strerror( $socket );
} else {
echo "发送成功!\n" ;
}
$out = '' ;
while ( $buf = socket_read( $socket , 8192)) {
$out .= $buf ;
}
echo "接受内容为:$out \n" ;
socket_close( $socket );
?>
客户端主要有以下步骤:

Absolute session timeout starts at the time of session creation, while an idle session timeout starts at the time of user's no operation. Absolute session timeout is suitable for scenarios where strict control of the session life cycle is required, such as financial applications; idle session timeout is suitable for applications that want users to keep their session active for a long time, such as social media.

The server session failure can be solved through the following steps: 1. Check the server configuration to ensure that the session is set correctly. 2. Verify client cookies, confirm that the browser supports it and send it correctly. 3. Check session storage services, such as Redis, to ensure that they are running normally. 4. Review the application code to ensure the correct session logic. Through these steps, conversation problems can be effectively diagnosed and repaired and user experience can be improved.

session_start()iscrucialinPHPformanagingusersessions.1)Itinitiatesanewsessionifnoneexists,2)resumesanexistingsession,and3)setsasessioncookieforcontinuityacrossrequests,enablingapplicationslikeuserauthenticationandpersonalizedcontent.

Setting the httponly flag is crucial for session cookies because it can effectively prevent XSS attacks and protect user session information. Specifically, 1) the httponly flag prevents JavaScript from accessing cookies, 2) the flag can be set through setcookies and make_response in PHP and Flask, 3) Although it cannot be prevented from all attacks, it should be part of the overall security policy.

PHPsessionssolvetheproblemofmaintainingstateacrossmultipleHTTPrequestsbystoringdataontheserverandassociatingitwithauniquesessionID.1)Theystoredataserver-side,typicallyinfilesordatabases,anduseasessionIDstoredinacookietoretrievedata.2)Sessionsenhances

PHPsessionscanstorestrings,numbers,arrays,andobjects.1.Strings:textdatalikeusernames.2.Numbers:integersorfloatsforcounters.3.Arrays:listslikeshoppingcarts.4.Objects:complexstructuresthatareserialized.

TostartaPHPsession,usesession_start()atthescript'sbeginning.1)Placeitbeforeanyoutputtosetthesessioncookie.2)Usesessionsforuserdatalikeloginstatusorshoppingcarts.3)RegeneratesessionIDstopreventfixationattacks.4)Considerusingadatabaseforsessionstoragei

Session regeneration refers to generating a new session ID and invalidating the old ID when the user performs sensitive operations in case of session fixed attacks. The implementation steps include: 1. Detect sensitive operations, 2. Generate new session ID, 3. Destroy old session ID, 4. Update user-side session information.


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