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概述

要访问一个变量的内容,可以直接使用其名称。如果该变量是一个数组,可以使用变量名称和关键字或索引的组合来访问其内容。

像其他变量一样,使用运算符=可以改变数组元素的内容。数组单元可以通过 array[key] 语法来访问。

数组的基本操作

php定义数组:

<?php      $array = array();      $array["key"] = "values";  ?> 

在PHP中声明数组的方式主要有两种:

1.用array()函数声明数组,
2.直接为数组元素赋值。

<?php    //array数组    $users = array('phone','computer','dos','linux');    echo $users;//只会打印出数据类型Array    print_r($users);//Array ( [0] => phone [1] => computer [2] => dos [3] => linux )    $numbers = range(1,5);//创建一个包含指定范围的数组    print_r($numbers);//Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [4] => 5 )    print_r(true);//1    var_dump(false);//bool(false)//print_r可以把字符串和数字简单地打印出来,数组会以Array开头并已键值形式表示,print_r输出布尔值和null的结果没有意义,因此用var_dump更合适//通过循环来显示数组里所有的值    for($i = 0 ;$i < 5;$i++){        echo $users[$i];        echo '<br/>';    }//通过count/sizeof统计数组中单元数目或对象中的属性个数    for($i = 0; $i < count($users);$i++){        echo $users[$i];        echo '<br/>';    }//还可以通过foreach循环来遍历数组,这种好处在于不需要考虑key    foreach($users as $value){        echo $value.'<br/>';//点号为字符串连接符号    }//foreach循环遍历 $key => $value;$key和$value是变量名,可以自行设置    foreach($users as $key => $value){        echo $key.'<br/>';//输出键    }?>

创建自定义键的数组

<?php    //创建自定义键的数组    $ceo = array('apple'=>'jobs','microsoft'=>'Nadella','Larry Page','Eric');    //如果不去声明元素的key,它会从零开始    print_r($ceo);//Array ( [apple] => jobs [microsoft] => Nadella [0] => Larry Page [1] => Eric )    echo $ceo['apple'];//jobs     //php5.4起的用法    $array = [        "foo" => "bar",        "bar" => "foo",    ];    print_r($array);//Array ( [foo] => bar [bar] => foo ) ?>    

从php5.4 起可以使用短数组定义语法,用 [] 替代 array()。有点类似于javascript中数组的定义。

each()的使用

<?php    //通过为数组元素赋值来创建数组    $ages['trigkit4'] = 22;    echo $ages.'<br/>';//Array    //因为相关数组的索引不是数字,所以无法通过for循环来进行遍历操作,只能通过foreach循环或list()和each()结构    //each的使用    //each返回数组中当前的键/值对并将数组指针向前移动一步    $users = array('trigkit4'=>22,'mike'=>20,'john'=>30);    //print_r(each($users));//Array ( [1] => 22 [value] => 22 [0] => trigkit4 [key] => trigkit4 )   //相当于:$a = array([0]=>trigkit4,[1]=>22,[value]=>22,[key]=>trigkit4);    $a = each($users);//each把原来的数组的第一个元素拿出来包装成新数组后赋值给$a    echo $a[0];//trigkit4    //!!表示将真实存在的数据转换成布尔值    echo !!each($users);//1?>  

each的指针指向第一个键值对,并返回第一个数组元素,获取其键值对,并包装成新数组

list()的使用

list用来把数组用的值赋给一些变量,看下面例子:

<?php    $a = ['2','abc','def'];    list($var1,$var2) = $a;    echo $var1.'<br/>';//2    echo $var2;//abc    $a = ['name'=>'trigkit4','age'=>22,'0'=>'boy'];    //list只认识key为数字的索引    list($var1,$var2) = $a;    echo $var1;//boy?>

注:list只认识key为数字的索引

数组元素的排序

反向排序:sort()、asort()和 ksort()都是正向排序,当然也有相对应的反向排序. 实现反向:rsort()、arsort()和 krsort()。array_unshift()函数将新元素添加到数组头,array_push()函数将每个新元素添加到数组 的末尾。array_shift()删除数组头第一个元素,与其相反的函数是 array_pop(),删除并返回数组末 尾的一个元素。array_rand()返回数组中的一个或多个键。函数shuffle()将数组个元素进 行随机排序。函数 array_reverse()给出一个原来数组的反向排序

数组的各类API的使用

count()和 sizeof()统计数组下标的个数 array_count_values()统计数组内下标值的个数<?php    $numbers = array('100','2');    sort($numbers,SORT_STRING);//按字符串排序,字符串只比较第一位大小    print_r($numbers);//Array ( [0] => 100 [1] => 2 )    $arr = array('trigkit4','banner','10');    sort($arr,SORT_STRING);    print_r($arr);//Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => banner [2] => trigkit4 )    shuffle($arr);    print_r($arr);//随机排序    $array = array('a','b','c','d','0','1');    array_reverse($array);    print_r($array);//原数组的反向排序。 Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d [4] => 0 [5] => 1 )    //数组的拷贝    $arr1  = array( '10' , 2);    $arr2  =  &$arr1 ;    $arr2 [] =  4 ;  // $arr2 被改变了,$arr1仍然是array('10', 3)    print_r($arr2);//Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => 2 [2] => 4 )    //asort的使用    $arr3  = & $arr1 ;//现在arr1和arr3是一样的    $arr3 [] =  '3' ;    asort($arr3);//对数组进行排序并保留原始关系    print_r($arr3);// Array ( [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [0] => 10 )    //ksort的使用    $fruits = array('c'=>'banana','a'=>'apple','d'=>'orange');    ksort($fruits);    print_r($fruits);//Array ( [a] => apple [c] => banana [d] => orange )   //unshift的使用    array_unshift($array,'z');//开头处添加一元素    print_r($array);//Array ( [0] => z [1] => a [2] => b [3] => c [4] => d [5] => 0 [6] => 1 )      //current(pos)的使用    echo current($array);//z;获取当前数组中的当前单元    //next的使用    echo next($array);//a;将数组中的内部指针向前移动一位    //reset的使用    echo reset($array);//z;将数组内部指针指向第一个单元    //prev的使用    echo next($array);//a;    echo prev($array);//z;倒回一位    //sizeof的使用    echo sizeof($array);//7;统计数组元素的个数    //array_count_values    $num = array(10,20,30,10,20,1,0,10);//统计数组元素出现的次数    print_r(array_count_values($num));//Array ( [10] => 3 [20] => 2 [30] => 1 [1] => 1 [0] => 1 ) ?>    

current():每个数组都有一个内部指针指向他的当前单元,初始指向插入到数组中的第一个元素

for循环遍历

<?php    $value = range(0,120,10);    for($i=0;$i<count($value);$i++){        print_r($value[$i].' ');//0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120     }?>

数组的实例

array_pad函数的使用

<?php    //array_pad函数,数组数组首尾选择性追加    $num = array(1=>10,2=>20,3=>30);    $num = array_pad($num,4,40);    print_r($num);//Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => 20 [2] => 30 [3] => 40 )    $num = array_pad($num,-5,50);//array_pad(array,size,value)    print_r($num);//Array ( [0] => 50 [1] => 10 [2] => 20 [3] => 30 [4] => 40 ) ?>

size:指定的长度。整数则填补到右侧,负数则填补到左侧。

unset()的使用

 <?php    //unset()的使用    $num = array_fill(0,5,rand(1,10));//rand(min,max)    print_r($num);//Array ( [0] => 8 [1] => 8 [2] => 8 [3] => 8 [4] => 8 )     echo '<br/>';    unset($num[3]);    print_r($num);//Array ( [0] => 8 [1] => 8 [2] => 8 [4] => 8 ) ?>

array_fill()的使用

<?php    //array_fill()的使用    $num = range('a','e');    $arrayFilled = array_fill(1,2,$num);//array_fill(start,number,value)    echo '<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">';    print_r($arrayFilled);?>

array_combine()的使用

<?PHP    $number = array(1,2,3,4,5);    $array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er");    $newArray = array_combine($number,$array);    print_r($newArray);//Array ( [1] => I [2] => Am [3] => A [4] => PHP [5] => er ) ?> 

array_splice()删除数组成员 :

<?php    $color = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");    count ($color); //得到4    array_splice($color,1,1); //删除第二个元素    print_r(count ($color)); //3    echo $color[2]; //yellow    echo $color[1]; //blue?>  

array_unique删除数组中的重复值:

<?php    $color=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow","blue","green");    $result = array_unique($color);    print_r($result);//Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow ) ?> 

array_flip()交换数组的键值和值

<?PHP    $array = array("red","blue","red","Black");    print_r($array);    echo "<br />";    $array = array_flip($array);//    print_r($array);//Array ( [red] => 2 [blue] => 1 [Black] => 3 ) ?> 

array_search()搜索数值

<meta charset="utf-8"><?php   $array = array("red","blue","red","Black");   $result=array_search("red",$array)//array_search(value,array,strict)    if(($result === NULL)){        echo "不存在数值red";    }else{        echo "存在数值 $result";//存在数值 0     }?> 
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