概述
要访问一个变量的内容,可以直接使用其名称。如果该变量是一个数组,可以使用变量名称和关键字或索引的组合来访问其内容。
像其他变量一样,使用运算符=可以改变数组元素的内容。数组单元可以通过 array[key] 语法来访问。
数组的基本操作
php定义数组:
<?php $array = array(); $array["key"] = "values"; ?>
在PHP中声明数组的方式主要有两种:
1.用array()函数声明数组,
2.直接为数组元素赋值。
<?php //array数组 $users = array('phone','computer','dos','linux'); echo $users;//只会打印出数据类型Array print_r($users);//Array ( [0] => phone [1] => computer [2] => dos [3] => linux ) $numbers = range(1,5);//创建一个包含指定范围的数组 print_r($numbers);//Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [4] => 5 ) print_r(true);//1 var_dump(false);//bool(false)//print_r可以把字符串和数字简单地打印出来,数组会以Array开头并已键值形式表示,print_r输出布尔值和null的结果没有意义,因此用var_dump更合适//通过循环来显示数组里所有的值 for($i = 0 ;$i < 5;$i++){ echo $users[$i]; echo '<br/>'; }//通过count/sizeof统计数组中单元数目或对象中的属性个数 for($i = 0; $i < count($users);$i++){ echo $users[$i]; echo '<br/>'; }//还可以通过foreach循环来遍历数组,这种好处在于不需要考虑key foreach($users as $value){ echo $value.'<br/>';//点号为字符串连接符号 }//foreach循环遍历 $key => $value;$key和$value是变量名,可以自行设置 foreach($users as $key => $value){ echo $key.'<br/>';//输出键 }?>
创建自定义键的数组
<?php //创建自定义键的数组 $ceo = array('apple'=>'jobs','microsoft'=>'Nadella','Larry Page','Eric'); //如果不去声明元素的key,它会从零开始 print_r($ceo);//Array ( [apple] => jobs [microsoft] => Nadella [0] => Larry Page [1] => Eric ) echo $ceo['apple'];//jobs //php5.4起的用法 $array = [ "foo" => "bar", "bar" => "foo", ]; print_r($array);//Array ( [foo] => bar [bar] => foo ) ?>
从php5.4 起可以使用短数组定义语法,用 [] 替代 array()。有点类似于javascript中数组的定义。
each()的使用
<?php //通过为数组元素赋值来创建数组 $ages['trigkit4'] = 22; echo $ages.'<br/>';//Array //因为相关数组的索引不是数字,所以无法通过for循环来进行遍历操作,只能通过foreach循环或list()和each()结构 //each的使用 //each返回数组中当前的键/值对并将数组指针向前移动一步 $users = array('trigkit4'=>22,'mike'=>20,'john'=>30); //print_r(each($users));//Array ( [1] => 22 [value] => 22 [0] => trigkit4 [key] => trigkit4 ) //相当于:$a = array([0]=>trigkit4,[1]=>22,[value]=>22,[key]=>trigkit4); $a = each($users);//each把原来的数组的第一个元素拿出来包装成新数组后赋值给$a echo $a[0];//trigkit4 //!!表示将真实存在的数据转换成布尔值 echo !!each($users);//1?>
each的指针指向第一个键值对,并返回第一个数组元素,获取其键值对,并包装成新数组
list()的使用
list用来把数组用的值赋给一些变量,看下面例子:
<?php $a = ['2','abc','def']; list($var1,$var2) = $a; echo $var1.'<br/>';//2 echo $var2;//abc $a = ['name'=>'trigkit4','age'=>22,'0'=>'boy']; //list只认识key为数字的索引 list($var1,$var2) = $a; echo $var1;//boy?>
注:list只认识key为数字的索引
数组元素的排序
反向排序:sort()、asort()和 ksort()都是正向排序,当然也有相对应的反向排序. 实现反向:rsort()、arsort()和 krsort()。array_unshift()函数将新元素添加到数组头,array_push()函数将每个新元素添加到数组 的末尾。array_shift()删除数组头第一个元素,与其相反的函数是 array_pop(),删除并返回数组末 尾的一个元素。array_rand()返回数组中的一个或多个键。函数shuffle()将数组个元素进 行随机排序。函数 array_reverse()给出一个原来数组的反向排序
数组的各类API的使用
count()和 sizeof()统计数组下标的个数 array_count_values()统计数组内下标值的个数<?php $numbers = array('100','2'); sort($numbers,SORT_STRING);//按字符串排序,字符串只比较第一位大小 print_r($numbers);//Array ( [0] => 100 [1] => 2 ) $arr = array('trigkit4','banner','10'); sort($arr,SORT_STRING); print_r($arr);//Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => banner [2] => trigkit4 ) shuffle($arr); print_r($arr);//随机排序 $array = array('a','b','c','d','0','1'); array_reverse($array); print_r($array);//原数组的反向排序。 Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d [4] => 0 [5] => 1 ) //数组的拷贝 $arr1 = array( '10' , 2); $arr2 = &$arr1 ; $arr2 [] = 4 ; // $arr2 被改变了,$arr1仍然是array('10', 3) print_r($arr2);//Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => 2 [2] => 4 ) //asort的使用 $arr3 = & $arr1 ;//现在arr1和arr3是一样的 $arr3 [] = '3' ; asort($arr3);//对数组进行排序并保留原始关系 print_r($arr3);// Array ( [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [0] => 10 ) //ksort的使用 $fruits = array('c'=>'banana','a'=>'apple','d'=>'orange'); ksort($fruits); print_r($fruits);//Array ( [a] => apple [c] => banana [d] => orange ) //unshift的使用 array_unshift($array,'z');//开头处添加一元素 print_r($array);//Array ( [0] => z [1] => a [2] => b [3] => c [4] => d [5] => 0 [6] => 1 ) //current(pos)的使用 echo current($array);//z;获取当前数组中的当前单元 //next的使用 echo next($array);//a;将数组中的内部指针向前移动一位 //reset的使用 echo reset($array);//z;将数组内部指针指向第一个单元 //prev的使用 echo next($array);//a; echo prev($array);//z;倒回一位 //sizeof的使用 echo sizeof($array);//7;统计数组元素的个数 //array_count_values $num = array(10,20,30,10,20,1,0,10);//统计数组元素出现的次数 print_r(array_count_values($num));//Array ( [10] => 3 [20] => 2 [30] => 1 [1] => 1 [0] => 1 ) ?>
current():每个数组都有一个内部指针指向他的当前单元,初始指向插入到数组中的第一个元素
for循环遍历
<?php $value = range(0,120,10); for($i=0;$i<count($value);$i++){ print_r($value[$i].' ');//0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 }?>
数组的实例
array_pad函数的使用
<?php //array_pad函数,数组数组首尾选择性追加 $num = array(1=>10,2=>20,3=>30); $num = array_pad($num,4,40); print_r($num);//Array ( [0] => 10 [1] => 20 [2] => 30 [3] => 40 ) $num = array_pad($num,-5,50);//array_pad(array,size,value) print_r($num);//Array ( [0] => 50 [1] => 10 [2] => 20 [3] => 30 [4] => 40 ) ?>
size:指定的长度。整数则填补到右侧,负数则填补到左侧。
unset()的使用
<?php //unset()的使用 $num = array_fill(0,5,rand(1,10));//rand(min,max) print_r($num);//Array ( [0] => 8 [1] => 8 [2] => 8 [3] => 8 [4] => 8 ) echo '<br/>'; unset($num[3]); print_r($num);//Array ( [0] => 8 [1] => 8 [2] => 8 [4] => 8 ) ?>
array_fill()的使用
<?php //array_fill()的使用 $num = range('a','e'); $arrayFilled = array_fill(1,2,$num);//array_fill(start,number,value) echo '<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">'; print_r($arrayFilled);?>
array_combine()的使用
<?PHP $number = array(1,2,3,4,5); $array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er"); $newArray = array_combine($number,$array); print_r($newArray);//Array ( [1] => I [2] => Am [3] => A [4] => PHP [5] => er ) ?>
array_splice()删除数组成员 :
<?php $color = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow"); count ($color); //得到4 array_splice($color,1,1); //删除第二个元素 print_r(count ($color)); //3 echo $color[2]; //yellow echo $color[1]; //blue?>
array_unique删除数组中的重复值:
<?php $color=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow","blue","green"); $result = array_unique($color); print_r($result);//Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow ) ?>
array_flip()交换数组的键值和值
<?PHP $array = array("red","blue","red","Black"); print_r($array); echo "<br />"; $array = array_flip($array);// print_r($array);//Array ( [red] => 2 [blue] => 1 [Black] => 3 ) ?>
array_search()搜索数值
<meta charset="utf-8"><?php $array = array("red","blue","red","Black"); $result=array_search("red",$array)//array_search(value,array,strict) if(($result === NULL)){ echo "不存在数值red"; }else{ echo "存在数值 $result";//存在数值 0 }?>

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP makes it easy to create interactive web content. 1) Dynamically generate content by embedding HTML and display it in real time based on user input or database data. 2) Process form submission and generate dynamic output to ensure that htmlspecialchars is used to prevent XSS. 3) Use MySQL to create a user registration system, and use password_hash and preprocessing statements to enhance security. Mastering these techniques will improve the efficiency of web development.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.


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