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算术运算符

运算符 描述
+
-
*
/ 除法运算符总是返回浮点数。只有在下列情况例外:两个操作数都是整数(或字符串转换成的整数)并且正好能整除,这时它返回一个整数。
% 取模运算符的操作数在运算之前都会转换成整数(除去小数部分)。取模运算符 % 的结果和被除数的符号(正负号)相同。即 a b 的结果和 $a 的符号相同。


echo (5 % 3)."\n";           // prints 2echo (5 % -3)."\n";          // prints 2echo (-5 % 3)."\n";          // prints -2echo (-5 % -3)."\n";         // prints -2
赋值运算符

基本的赋值运算符是“=”

在基本赋值运算符之外,还有适合于所有二元算术,数组集合和字符串运算符的“组合运算符”

$a = 3;$a += 5; // sets $a to 8, as if we had said: $a = $a + 5;$b = "Hello ";$b .= "There!"; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!";
位运算符 例子 名称 结果
$a & $b And(按位与) 将把 $a 和 $b 中都为 1 的位设为 1
$a | $b Or(按位或) 将把 $a 和 $b 中任何一个为 1 的位设为 1
$a ^ $b Xor(按位异或) 将把 $a 和 $b 中一个为 1 另一个为 0 的位设为 1
~ $a Not(按位取反) 将 $a 中为 0 的位设为 1,反之亦然
$a Shift left(左移) 将 $a 中的位向左移动 $b 次(每一次移动都表示“乘以 2”)
$a >> $b Shift right(右移) 将 $a 中的位向右移动 $b 次(每一次移动都表示“除以 2”)

左移时右侧以零填充,符号位被移走意味着正负号不被保留。右移时左侧以符号位填充,意味着正负号被保留。

比较运算符 例子 名称 结果
$a == $b 等于 TRUE,如果类型转换后 $a 等于 $b
$a === $b 全等 TRUE,如果 $a 等于 $b,并且它们的类型也相同
$a != $b 不等 TRUE,如果类型转换后 $a 不等于 $b
$a $b 不等 TRUE,如果类型转换后 $a 不等于 $b
$a !== $b 不全等 TRUE,如果 $a 不等于 $b,或者它们的类型不同
$a 小与 TRUE,如果 $a 严格小于 $b
$a > $b 大于 TRUE,如果 $a 严格大于 $b
$a 小于等于 TRUE,如果 $a 小于或者等于 $b
$a >= $b 大于等于 TRUE,如果 $a 大于或者等于 $b


如果比较一个数字和字符串或者比较涉及到数字内容的字符串,则字符串会被转换为数值并且比较按照数值来进行。此规则也适用于 switch 语句。当用 === 或 !== 进行比较时则不进行类型转换,因为此时类型和数值都要比对。

<?phpvar_dump (0 == "a"); // 0 == 0 -> truevar_dump("1" == "01"); // 1 == 1 -> truevar_dump("10" == "1e1"); // 10 == 10 -> truevar_dump(100 == "1e2"); // 100 == 100 -> trueswitch ("a") {case 0:    echo "0";    break;case "a": // never reached because "a" is already matched with 0    echo "a";    break;}?>

三元运算符

另一个条件运算符是“?:”(或三元)运算符

错误控制运算符

PHP 支持一个错误控制运算符:@。当将其放置在一个 PHP 表达式之前,该表达式可能产生的任何错误信息都被忽略掉。

@ 运算符只对表达式有效。对新手来说一个简单的规则就是:如果能从某处得到值,就能在它前面加上 @ 运算符。例如,可以把它放在变量,函数和 include 调用,常量,等等之前。不能把它放在函数或类的定义之前,也不能用于条件结构例如 if 和 foreach 等

执行运算符

PHP 支持一个执行运算符:反引号(` `)。注意这不是单引号!PHP 将尝试将反引号中的内容作为shell命令来执行,并将其输出信息返回(即,可以赋给一个变量而不是简单地丢弃到标准输出)。使用反引号运算符“`”的效果与函数 shell_exec() 相同。

反引号不能在双引号字符串中使用

递增/递减运算符 逻辑运算符 例子 名称 结果
$a and $b And(逻辑与) TRUE,如果 $a 和 $b 都为 TRUE
$a or $b Or(逻辑或) TRUE,如果 $a 或 $b 任一为 TRUE
$a xor $b Xor(逻辑异或) TRUE,如果 $a 或 $b 任一为 TRUE,但不同时是
! $a Not(逻辑非) TRUE,如果 $a 不为 TRUE
$a && $b And(逻辑与) TRUE,如果 $a 和 $b 都为 TRUE
$a || $b Or(逻辑或) TRUE,如果 $a 或 $b 任一为 TRUE


“与”和“或”有两种不同形式运算符的原因是它们运算的优先级不同

字符串运算符

有两个字符串(string)运算符。第一个是连接运算符(“.”),它返回其左右参数连接后的字符串。第二个是连接赋值运算符(“.=”)

数组运算符 例子 名称 结果
$a + $b 联合 $a 和 $b 的联合
$a == $b 相等 如果 $a 和 $b 具有相同的键/值对则为 TRUE
$a === $b 全等 如果 $a 和 $b 具有相同的键/值对并且顺序和类型都相同则为 TRUE
$a != $b 不等 如果 $a 不等于 $b 则为 TRUE
$a $b 不等 如果 $a 不等于 $b 则为 TRUE
$a !== $b 不全等 如果 $a 不全等于 $b 则为 TRUE


  • 运算符把右边的数组元素附加到左边的数组后面,两个数组中都有的键名,则只用左边数组中的,右边的被忽略。
  • 类型运算符

    instanceof 用于确定一个 PHP 变量是否属于某一类 class 的实例

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