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HomeWeb Front-endHTML Tutorial常用的CSS高级技巧_html/css_WEB-ITnose

CSS高级技巧:

  • 使用 :not() 在菜单上应用/取消应用边框
  • 给body添加行高
  • 所有一切都垂直居中
  • 逗号分隔的列表
  • 使用负的 nth-child 选择项目
  • 对图标使用SVG
  • 优化显示文本
  • 对纯CSS滑块使用 max-height
  • 继承 box-sizing
  • 表格单元格等宽
  • 用Flexbox摆脱外边距的各种hack
  • 使用属性选择器用于空链接

使用 :not() 在菜单上应用/取消应用边框

先给每一个菜单项添加边框

/* add border */.nav li {  border-right: 1px solid #666;}

……然后再除去最后一个元素……

//* remove border */

.nav li:last-child {  border-right: none;}

……可以直接使用 :not() 伪类来应用元素:

.nav li:not(:last-child) {  border-right: 1px solid #666;}

这样代码就干净,易读,易于理解了。

当然,如果你的新元素有兄弟元素的话,也可以使用通用的兄弟选择符(~):

..nav li:first-child ~ li {

border-left: 1px solid #666;}

给 body添加行高

你不需要分别添加 line-height 到每个

等。只要添加到 body 即可:

body {  line-height: 1;}

这样文本元素就可以很容易地从 body 继承。

所有一切都垂直居中

要将所有元素垂直居中,太简单了:

html, body {  height: 100%;  margin: 0;}body {  -webkit-align-items: center;    -ms-flex-align: center;    align-items: center;  display: -webkit-flex;  display: flex;}

看,是不是很简单。

注:在IE11中要小心flexbox。

逗号分隔的列表

让HTML列表项看上去像一个真正的,用逗号分隔的列表:

ul > li:not(:last-child)::after {  content: ",";}

对最后一个列表项使用 :not() 伪类。

使用负的 nth-child 选择项目

在CSS中使用负的 nth-child 选择项目1到项目n。

li {  display: none;}/* select items 1 through 3 and display them */li:nth-child(-n+3) {  display: block;}

就是这么容易。

对图标使用SVG

我们没有理由不对图标使用SVG:

.logo {  background: url("logo.svg");}

SVG对所有的分辨率类型都具有良好的扩展性,并支持所有浏览器都回归到IE9。这样可以避开.png、.jpg或.gif文件了。

优化显示文本

有时,字体并不能在所有设备上都达到最佳的显示,所以可以让设备浏览器来帮助你:

html {  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;}

注:请负责任地使用 optimizeLegibility。此外,IE /Edge没有 text-rendering 支持。

对纯CSS滑块使用 max-height

使用 max-height 和溢出隐藏来实现只有CSS的滑块:

.slider ul {  max-height: 0;  overlow: hidden;}.slider:hover ul {  max-height: 1000px;  transition: .3s ease;}

继承 box-sizing

让 box-sizing 继承 html:

html {  box-sizing: border-box;}*, *:before, *:after {  box-sizing: inherit;}

这样在插件或杠杆其他行为的其他组件中就能更容易地改变 box-sizing 了。

表格单元格等宽

表格工作起来很麻烦,所以务必尽量使用 table-layout: fixed 来保持单元格的等宽:

.calendar {  table-layout: fixed;}

用Flexbox摆脱外边距的各种hack

当需要用到列分隔符时,通过flexbox的 space-between 属性,你就可以摆脱 nth- ,first-,和  last-child 的hack了:

.list {  display: flex;  justify-content: space-between;}.list .person {  flex-basis: 23%;}

现在,列表分隔符就会在均匀间隔的位置出现。

使用属性选择器用于空链接

当  元素没有文本值,但 href 属性有链接的时候显示链接:

a[href^="http"]:empty::before {  content: attr(href);}

相当方便。

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